Networking Concepts and Protocols Quiz

Packets can take different paths and may arrive out of sequence at the destination.

All queued packets may be lost.

A virtual circuit establishes a predetermined route for packets, allowing them to follow the same path without needing routing decisions at each node.

<p>Each station can maintain multiple virtual circuits to any other station and to multiple stations simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The virtual circuit identifier helps nodes know where to direct the packet throughout its journey on the fixed route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The RTS-CTS exchange allows the sender to reserve the communication channel before sending the actual data, reducing the chance of collision during transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RTS packets can collide because they are sent using the CSMA protocol, which may result in multiple senders transmitting simultaneously, leading to a reserved channel loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three phases are circuit establishment, data transfer, and circuit disconnect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scalability is the key distinction, as WAN technologies must support connections over large geographic distances and accommodate growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A packet switch moves complete packets from one connection to another, enabling efficient data transfer across the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dedicated communication path means that a specific route is reserved exclusively for communication between two stations during the entire phase of data transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CTS message indicates that the receiver is ready to accept the transmission and confirms the reservation of the communication channel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circuit establishment sets up a dedicated path for data transfer, ensuring that resources are allocated for communication between two stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hidden terminals are senders that cannot sense each other's transmissions but can still collide at a common receiver, leading to communication issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) is used in wireless networks to avoid collisions, while CSMA/CD (Collision Detection) is used in wired networks to detect collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RTS (Request to Send) packets are used in wireless communication to minimize collisions by alerting other nodes of impending transmissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IEEE 802.11 standard governs wireless networking protocols, particularly focusing on strategies to avoid collisions during data transmissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary goal of CSMA/CA is to avoid collisions during transmissions by sensing the medium before sending data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different coverage regions can lead to hidden terminals, where some nodes cannot sense others, resulting in potential collisions and data loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MAC layer protocols use acknowledgments (ACKs) and retransmissions to manage transmission errors and ensure successful data transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key components include routers, switches, and link technologies, which facilitate efficient data packet transmission across the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congestion occurs when too many sources send too much data too quickly for the network to handle, leading to delays and packet loss. In contrast, flow control focuses on the rate at which a single sender can send data to one receiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In packet switching, hosts send data in packets that routers forward to their destinations. Each packet contains part of the user's data along with control information and is briefly stored at each node before being sent to the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packet-switching networks offer greater line efficiency as packets are queued and transmitted rapidly. They handle heavy traffic better by accepting packets even during congestion, albeit with increased delivery delays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a connectionless service, each packet is treated independently as a datagram, using its own destination address to be forwarded. This means different packets can take different paths through the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When routers experience buffer overflow, packets begin to get lost, resulting in data loss and potential retransmissions. This impacts overall network performance and user experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packet-switching allows different packets to be queued and transmitted at varying rates, enabling effective data-rate conversion between diverse network types. This flexibility accommodates different source and destination rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nodes can prioritize the transmission of higher-priority packets when multiple packets are queued. This ensures that critical data is sent first during network congestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common manifestations of network congestion include long delays due to queuing in router buffers and packet loss caused by buffer overflow at routers.</p> Signup and view all the answers