Networking Chapter 1 Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the key characteristic of a network?

  • A single computer operating independently.
  • Two or more computers connected to exchange information. (correct)
  • Computers sharing storage mediums like flash drives.
  • Only computers connected via wireless signals.

    • Which type of network is established using physical cables?

  • Ad Hoc network
  • Hybrid network
  • Wired network (correct)
  • Wireless Mesh network

    • Which topology connects all computers to a central hub or switch?

  • Mesh topology
  • Bus topology
  • Ring topology
  • Star topology (correct)

    • What type of routing involves predefined paths for data?

    <p>Static routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a type of wireless network topology?

    <p>Ad Hoc wireless topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network is primarily limited to a small geographical area?

    <p>LAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What switching method is characterized by establishing a dedicated communication circuit?

    <p>Circuit switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is primarily used to connect multiple computers in a network?

    <p>Switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of the star topology?

    <p>All devices connect to a central hub or switch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does a mesh topology provide over other topologies?

    <p>High level of redundancy with alternative data paths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about network disruption is correct?

    <p>Star topology allows for network changes without disruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes mesh topology less practical for LAN settings?

    <p>High costs and complicated cabling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is a mesh topology most commonly used?

    <p>Metropolitan or wide area networks using routers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a star topology network if one cable fails?

    <p>Only the affected device loses connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the mesh topology often avoided in simpler network environments?

    <p>It requires extensive cabling and is costly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes a network using a hub or switch?

    <p>It can easily expand without network failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary benefits of a mesh topology?

    <p>It provides multiple paths for data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In infrastructure wireless topology, how do devices communicate?

    <p>Through a central hub or access point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wireless topology is characterized by direct communication between devices?

    <p>Ad hoc topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of wireless mesh topology?

    <p>Each device is connected to every other device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wireless topology combines features from different types to create a flexible network?

    <p>Hybrid topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of ad hoc wireless topology?

    <p>Lacks centralized control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a wireless topology?

    <p>To define communication and data transmission in a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if one node fails in a mesh topology?

    <p>Communication is maintained through other nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of routing in the OSI model?

    <p>To determine the most efficient path for data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes static routing?

    <p>It involves manual configuration of the routing table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is static routing most suitable?

    <p>In small networks with a predictable topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of dynamic routing?

    <p>It allows for real-time adjustment of routing tables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following networks is most likely to utilize dynamic routing?

    <p>A large enterprise network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dynamic routing improve network resource utilization?

    <p>By automatically learning about network topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines packet switching in networking?

    <p>Data is broken into packets before transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of static routing?

    <p>Adapts quickly to network changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Storage Area Network (SAN)?

    <p>It offers block-level data storage to connected devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a Personal Area Network (PAN)?

    <p>A network for sharing data among personal devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology is commonly associated with Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)?

    <p>Bluetooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part does a router play within a network?

    <p>It creates larger networks by joining network segments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a switch relate to the devices connected to it?

    <p>It forwards data only to the port connected to the destination device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core purpose of routing in networking?

    <p>To direct data packets between networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the data access level of SANs?

    <p>SANs are designed for block-level operations only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a switch compared to other network devices?

    <p>It forwards packets based on MAC addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A wireless network eliminates the need for physical cables completely.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a wired network, each computer is connected using network interface cables.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Packet switching and circuit switching are two types of routing methods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wireless adapters are a requirement for connecting to a wired network.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A network is defined as two or more computers connected for the purpose of information exchange.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing uses fixed paths for data transmission.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nodes in a network refer to any active device connected within that network.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ad Hoc wireless topology requires a central device for communication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In packet switching, packets are routed independently and may arrive out of order at their destination.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Circuit switching is more efficient in resource utilization than packet switching because the connection path is dedicated.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Packet switching is the dominant method in contemporary networking due to its predictability and constant delay.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Circuit switching is primarily used in traditional telephone networks for voice communication.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One disadvantage of packet switching is the possibility of packet loss requiring additional protocols for error handling.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routing requires network administrators to manually configure the routing table.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scalability is a significant advantage of circuit switching, allowing for a large number of users without issues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing is less adaptable than static routing in responding to network changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Packet switching breaks data into small packets before transmission.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Packet switching allows for dynamic adaptation to network conditions, making it flexible in routing packets.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The exclusive use of the communication path in circuit switching leads to potential delays during high traffic periods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routing is optimal for large, dynamic networks where frequent changes occur.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing protocols allow for real-time updates to routing tables based on network topology changes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routing occurs at the transport layer of the OSI model.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing is generally used in smaller, less complex networks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Local-Area Network (LAN) covers a larger geographic area than a Wide-Area Network (WAN).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Metropolitan-Area Network (MAN) is always smaller than a Wide-Area Network (WAN).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routing is characterized by frequent updates to routing entries by network devices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Campus-Area Network (CAN) can only be used within a college campus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Storage-Area Networks (SAN) consist solely of networked storage devices.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) use physical cables for communication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wide-Area Networks (WANs) are generally faster than Local-Area Networks (LANs).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Network topologies determine the physical and logical arrangement of devices in a network.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metropolitan-Area Networks (MANs) do not require an internet service provider.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virtual Circuits provide a connection-oriented service that is opposite to connectionless service found in packet switching.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The complexity and overhead introduced by Virtual Circuits is typically lower than that of packet switching.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Packet switching is generally considered less scalable than Virtual Circuits.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The choice between Virtual Circuits and other communication models does not depend on the specific requirements of an application.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virtual Circuits are primarily used in connectionless communication paradigms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A network is defined as two or more computers connected by a cable or by a wireless ______ connection.

    <p>radio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a wired network, computers are connected using ______ that hook them together.

    <p>cables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ network uses wireless network adapters that communicate via radio signals.

    <p>wireless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Every computer connected to the network is referred to as a ______.

    <p>node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Types of networks based on geographical areas include LANs, WANs, and ______.

    <p>MANs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routing involves predefined ______ for data paths.

    <p>paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infrastructure wireless topology requires a central ______ for communication.

    <p>device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Packet switching and circuit switching are two types of ______ methods.

    <p>switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routers are usually arranged in a way that provides multiple paths between any two nodes in a ______ arrangement.

    <p>mesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a star topology, all computers connect to a central device called a ______.

    <p>hub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ______ topology, devices communicate through a central infrastructure like a wireless router.

    <p>infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an ______ network, devices communicate directly with each other without a central access point.

    <p>ad-hoc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of the mesh design is to provide a high level of ______.

    <p>redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a mesh topology, every device connects to ______ other devices.

    <p>every</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each device in a wireless ______ topology is connected to every other device, forming a mesh-like structure.

    <p>mesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using a separate cable to connect to the hub allows the network to be expanded without ______.

    <p>disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ topologies combine two or more different types of wireless topologies to create a more adaptable network.

    <p>Hybrid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A break in any single cable in a star topology does not cause the entire network to ______.

    <p>fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wireless topology defines how devices ______ with each other and how data is transmitted.

    <p>communicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wireless ______ topology is often seen in mobile and temporary networks.

    <p>ad-hoc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mesh topologies can be complicated and require high ______ costs.

    <p>cabling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The star topology requires a single ______ for each connected device to the hub.

    <p>cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If one node fails in a mesh topology, the communication path can be ______ through other nodes.

    <p>rerouted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mesh networks are common for metropolitan or wide area ______.

    <p>networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SANs offer ______-level data storage that appears as locally attached devices.

    <p>block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A personal-area network (PAN) is created to share data among ______ associated with you.

    <p>devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A wireless personal-area network (WPAN) often uses technologies such as ______, infrared, or near-field communication.

    <p>Bluetooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ______ is a device that creates larger networks by joining two network segments.

    <p>router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A switch connects all computers to each other and forwards data based on the ______ address of the devices.

    <p>MAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routing is the process of directing data packets to help them reach their intended ______.

    <p>destinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    File systems built on top of SANs can provide ______-level access.

    <p>file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routing decisions in a network are made by a ______.

    <p>router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Routing occurs at the ______ layer of the OSI model.

    <p>network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In static routing, network administrators manually configure the ______ table on a router.

    <p>routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing protocols allow routers to ______ information and adjust their routing tables.

    <p>exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing is commonly used in large, complex networks such as ______.

    <p>enterprise networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Packet switching involves breaking data into small ______ before transmission.

    <p>packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unlike dynamic routing, static routing requires ______ and fixed routing entries.

    <p>explicit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routing is suitable for small networks with a predictable and ______ topology.

    <p>unchanging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing allows routers to make real-time decisions about the best ______ for data packets.

    <p>paths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of networks with their descriptions:

    <p>LAN = Local Area Network, limited to a small geographical area WAN = Wide Area Network, spans large geographical distances WLAN = Wireless Local Area Network, uses wireless technology MAN = Metropolitan Area Network, connects multiple LANs within a city</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of networks with their descriptions:

    <p>PAN = Network designed for personal devices like smartphones and tablets SAN = Block-level data storage network SWITCH = Device that connects multiple computers within a network ROUTER = Device that connects different networks and directs data packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network topologies with their characteristics:

    <p>Bus topology = All nodes share a single communication line Ring topology = Each node is connected to exactly two other nodes Star topology = All nodes connect to a central hub or switch Mesh topology = Every node connects to multiple other nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following technologies with their associated type of area network:

    <p>Bluetooth = Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Infrared = Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Ethernet = Local Area Network (LAN) Wi-Fi = Local Area Network (LAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following routing methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Static routing = Uses predefined paths for data transmission Dynamic routing = Automatically adjusts routes based on network conditions Packet switching = Divides data into packets sent independently Circuit switching = Establishes a dedicated path for the duration of the connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network devices with their functions:

    <p>Router = Routes data between different networks Switch = Connects multiple devices within the same network Network Interface Card (NIC) = Allows a computer to connect to a network Wireless Access Point = Enables wireless devices to connect to a wired network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network functions with their corresponding devices:

    <p>Routing = Router Forwarding data = Switch Joining network segments = Router Connecting devices = Switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following wireless network topologies with their definitions:

    <p>Infrastructure wireless topology = Uses a central device to manage connections Ad Hoc wireless topology = Allows devices to connect directly without central control Wireless Mesh topology = Creates a network where each device relays data for others Hybrid topology = Combines elements of wired and wireless topologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network types with their descriptions:

    <p>LAN = Network restricted to a single geographic location WLAN = Local area network using wireless communication WAN = Network spanning multiple geographic locations MAN = Network confined to a metropolitan area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following access levels with their corresponding networks:

    <p>Block-level access = SAN File-level access = File system on SAN Device-level access = PAN Internet access = Router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with the appropriate device:

    <p>Only forwards data to the destination device = Switch Establishes larger networks = Router Interconnects personal devices = PAN Provides block-level storage = SAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network types with their specific characteristics:

    <p>CAN = Links multiple LANs within a defined geographic area SAN = Networked/shared storage devices for performance WLAN = Operates without physical cables WAN = Often requires additional hardware like routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of communication media with their examples:

    <p>Wired Media = Ethernet cables Wireless Media = Radio signals Fiber Optic = High-speed data transmission Coaxial cable = Commonly used for cable television</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following definitions to the corresponding network types:

    <p>LAN = Typically found in a small area like an office WLAN = Uses wireless technology for local connectivity WAN = Integrates localized networks over great distances MAN = Suitable for network coverage over a city or town</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network characteristics with their types:

    <p>LAN = Typically high-speed with low latency WAN = Can span national or global distances PAN = Limited to a few meters, like Bluetooth CAN = Connects multiple LANs in a localized area, such as a campus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Packet switching = Data is routed independently in packets Circuit switching = Dedicated path for data transmission LAN = Local Area Network for a small geographical area WPAN = Wireless Personal Area Network for close proximity connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of networks with their examples:

    <p>CAN = Linking buildings in a college campus SAN = Shared storage solutions in data centers WLAN = Wi-Fi networks in coffee shops MAN = A city-wide fiber optic network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following networking concepts with their functions:

    <p>Routing decisions = Made by a router Connecting devices via cables = Switch Creating a personal area network = PAN Data access method = SAN uniquely offers block-level operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of switching methods with their definitions:

    <p>Packet Switching = Transmits data in small packets, allows multiple routes Circuit Switching = Establishes a dedicated relationship for the entire communication Virtual Circuits = Simulates a circuit over a packet-switched network Frame Relay = A type of packet-switching technology for connecting LANs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network descriptions with their specific categories:

    <p>LAN = High-speed connections typically using Ethernet WLAN = Connects devices without physical connections WAN = Lower speed compared to LAN due to distance MAN = Greater than LAN but less than WAN in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of SAN with their main features:

    <p>Block-level operations = Does not provide file abstraction File systems = Built on top of SANs MAC address filtering = Executed by a switch Network connectivity = Function of a router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following networks with their primary focus:

    <p>LAN = Local connectivity in a limited area WLAN = Mobility without cable restrictions WAN = Interconnecting multiple LANs over distances SAN = Facilitating efficient data storage solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following abbreviations with their full forms in networking:

    <p>LAN = Local Area Network WLAN = Wireless Local Area Network WAN = Wide Area Network MAN = Metropolitan Area Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following network types with their typical usage contexts:

    <p>CAN = Large universities or corporate campuses SAN = Data-intensive applications like virtualization WLAN = Public hotspots in restaurants and cafes WAN = Connecting branch offices across regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of routing with its description:

    <p>Static routing = Manually configured routing tables Dynamic routing = Automatically updating routing tables Packet Switching = Data is transmitted in small packets Circuit Switching = Dedicated communication path is established</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing technique with its suitable scenario:

    <p>Static routing = Small networks with predictable topology Dynamic routing = Large and complex networks Packet Switching = Internet data transmission Circuit Switching = Telephony services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing description with the correct term:

    <p>Fixed routing entries = Static routing Exchanges information between routers = Dynamic routing Efficient for frequent network changes = Dynamic routing Requires manual configuration = Static routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of routing with its main characteristic:

    <p>Static routing = Simplicity and lower overhead Dynamic routing = Adaptability to network changes Packet Switching = Independent packet routing Circuit Switching = Guaranteed delivery time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing types with their usages:

    <p>Static routing = Used in small business networks Dynamic routing = Common in enterprise networks Packet Switching = Effective for data streaming Circuit Switching = Used for voice communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing methods with their key attributes:

    <p>Static routing = Fixed paths Dynamic routing = Real-time decision making Packet Switching = Lower latency Circuit Switching = Resource waste when idle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Static routing = Less overhead but inflexible Dynamic routing = More overhead but flexible Packet Switching = Data is sent in discrete units Circuit Switching = Requires full connection throughout transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing characteristics with the correct method:

    <p>Manually configured = Static routing Automatically adapts to changes = Dynamic routing Breaks data into packets = Packet Switching Establishes a dedicated line = Circuit Switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following advantages with their corresponding switching method:

    <p>Efficient use of network resources = Packet Switching Predictable and constant delay = Circuit Switching Scalable for a large number of users = Packet Switching Guaranteed bandwidth during connection = Circuit Switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the disadvantages with their corresponding switching method:

    <p>Variable and potentially unpredictable delays = Packet Switching Inefficient use of resources when idle = Circuit Switching Possibility of packet loss or out-of-order delivery = Packet Switching Scalability challenges for simultaneous connections = Circuit Switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Packet Switching = Independently routed packets that may take different paths Circuit Switching = Dedicated communication path for a session TCP/IP = Common protocols used for packet switching PSTN = Traditional network utilizing circuit switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with their switching methods:

    <p>Adapts dynamically to network conditions = Packet Switching Establishes a reserved path for communication = Circuit Switching Uses shared bandwidth among multiple users = Packet Switching Requires a dedicated circuit for the duration = Circuit Switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following applications with their relevant switching methods:

    <p>Voice calls = Circuit Switching Video streaming = Packet Switching Web browsing = Packet Switching Traditional telephone networks = Circuit Switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following descriptions with the correct feature:

    <p>Dynamic adaptation to conditions = Packet Switching Ensures bandwidth for duration of call = Circuit Switching Utilizes network resources efficiently = Packet Switching Reserved communication path = Circuit Switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following features with the appropriate contrast:

    <p>May arrive out of order = Packet Switching Constant delay = Circuit Switching Shared bandwidth = Packet Switching Exclusive use of resources = Circuit Switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statement with the corresponding network method:

    <p>Dominant method in contemporary networking = Packet Switching Used for specific scenarios like voice calls = Circuit Switching Flexibility in routing = Packet Switching Dedicated communication until session ends = Circuit Switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant limitation of a bus topology?

    <p>A single point of failure can bring down the entire network since all devices are connected to the same backbone cable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a ring topology manage data packets among computers?

    <p>In a ring topology, packets circulate around the loop, with each computer inspecting the packets to determine if they are intended for it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of topologies in networking?

    <p>The two main types of topologies are physical topology, which refers to the actual layout of cabling, and logical topology, which refers to how data flows through the network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required at both ends of a physical bus in a bus topology?

    <p>Termination is required at both ends of the physical bus to prevent signal reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a hub or switch not needed in both bus and ring topologies?

    <p>Both bus and ring topologies connect devices directly without requiring a central hub or switch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in a ring topology if a single computer fails?

    <p>If one computer fails in a ring topology, it interrupts the signal flow, making the entire network inaccessible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does logical topology describe in a network?

    <p>Logical topology describes how data is transmitted and how devices perceive the network layout, regardless of its physical arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of bus topology compared to other topologies?

    <p>Bus topology is characterized by its single backbone cable connecting all nodes in a linear fashion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Personal Area Network (PAN)?

    <p>A PAN is designed to share data among personal devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a router differ from a switch in a network?

    <p>A router connects multiple networks and directs data between them, while a switch connects devices within the same network and manages local data traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a LAN and a WAN?

    <p>A LAN (Local Area Network) is restricted to a single geographic location, while a WAN (Wide Area Network) spans multiple geographic locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does a Storage Area Network (SAN) provide data access?

    <p>A SAN provides block-level data storage that appears as locally attached devices within connected operating systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does routing play in data communication?

    <p>Routing directs data packets between different networks or devices to ensure they reach their intended destinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would you use a Campus-Area Network (CAN)?

    <p>A CAN is used to link multiple LANs within a defined area, such as a college campus or an office complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Metropolitan-Area Network (MAN) and how does it differ from a WAN?

    <p>A MAN covers a geographic area such as a town or city, whereas a WAN connects multiple locations over broader distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), and how does it function?

    <p>A WPAN refers to technologies that connect devices in close proximity using wireless methods like Bluetooth or NFC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the significance of block-level operations in a SAN.

    <p>Block-level operations in a SAN allow for high-performance data storage and retrieval, treating data as blocks rather than files.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a Storage Area Network (SAN) utilize clustered storage?

    <p>Clustered storage in a SAN is used to increase performance by allowing multiple storage devices to be networked together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do switches enhance communication within a local network?

    <p>Switches forward data only to the specific port connected to the destination device, optimizing network efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the main use case for a Wireless LAN (WLAN) compared to a traditional LAN.

    <p>A WLAN allows devices to connect wirelessly in a local area, eliminating the need for physical cabling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic that distinguishes Dynamic Routing from Static Routing?

    <p>Dynamic routing adapts to changing network conditions by automatically updating paths, while static routing uses fixed paths for data transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of combining point-to-point links with a mesh network?

    <p>This combination provides both dedicated connections for efficiency and redundancy for reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do WANs typically manage the challenges posed by their size compared to LANs?

    <p>WANs often require additional hardware like routers and dedicated leased lines to manage slower connectivity and complex implementations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of using an Internet Service Provider (ISP) for a Metropolitan-Area Network?

    <p>An ISP provides the necessary connectivity and infrastructure for a MAN to function within its defined geographic region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between virtual circuit switching and packet switching?

    <p>Virtual circuit switching is connection-oriented, while packet switching is connectionless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does virtual circuit switching provide in terms of communication?

    <p>It provides a dedicated and predictable path for communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario might packet switching be preferred over virtual circuits?

    <p>Packet switching is preferred for applications needing scalability and adaptability to variable network conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential downside of using virtual circuits in networking?

    <p>Virtual circuits introduce additional complexity and overhead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the choice between virtual circuits and packet switching significant?

    <p>The choice depends on the specific requirements of the application and the network's characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe how the star topology allows for network expansion without disruption.

    <p>In a star topology, each device connects to a central hub or switch, so adding or removing devices does not affect others, preventing network disruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of mesh topology in terms of wiring?

    <p>Mesh topology can involve complicated wiring and high cabling costs, making it less practical for many networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why mesh networks are more suitable for metropolitan or wide area networks than for LANs.

    <p>Mesh networks are better for larger areas, as they can provide redundancy and alternate paths for data, which is more critical over greater distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a failure in a star topology affect devices connected to the hub?

    <p>If a cable connecting a device to the hub fails, only that specific device is affected, and the rest of the network continues to operate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one major benefit of using a mesh topology.

    <p>A major benefit of mesh topology is its high level of redundancy, which ensures data can follow alternative paths if one route fails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge does network disruption present when adding or removing computers from a network?

    <p>Network disruption can lead to temporary failures or interruptions in service, especially in topologies that rely heavily on specific connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of redundancy, how does a mesh network differ from a star network?

    <p>A mesh network provides multiple pathways for data transmission, while a star network centralizes connections through a hub, making it less redundant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a hub or switch function in a star topology?

    <p>In a star topology, a hub or switch acts as the central point where all devices connect, managing data flow between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Networks

    • A network is defined as two or more computers connected to exchange information via cables or wireless connections.
    • Any computer connected to a network is referred to as a node.

    Types of Networks Based on Communication Media

    • Wired Networks: Utilize physical cables for connections, involves network interfaces for connectivity.
    • Wireless Networks: Employ wireless adapters communicating via radio signals; flexibility is higher compared to wired setups.

    Network Topologies

    • Wired Topology:

      • Bus Topology: All devices share a single communication line.
      • Ring Topology: Each device connects to two others, forming a circular data pathway.
      • Star Topology: All devices connect to a central hub or switch, preventing entire network failure from a single cable break.
      • Mesh Topology: Each node is connected to all others, providing high redundancy. Common in WANs for reliability.

    • Wireless Topology:

      • Infrastructure Wireless Topology: Devices communicate through a central access point, typical in homes and offices.
      • Ad Hoc Wireless Topology: Devices connect directly without a central point, often for temporary networks.
      • Wireless Mesh Topology: Each device connects to multiple others for reliability; if one node fails, communication can reroute.
      • Hybrid Topology: Combines multiple wireless topologies for diverse configurations.

    Types of Networks Based on Geographical Area

    • LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area like a home or office.
    • WLAN (Wireless LAN): A wireless version of LAN.
    • WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans broader distances, connecting multiple LANs.
    • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Serves a city or large campus.
    • CAN (Campus Area Network): Connects networks across multiple buildings within a campus.
    • SAN (Storage Area Network): Dedicated to data storage, providing block-level access.
    • PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects personal devices within short ranges; extends to WPAN (Wireless PAN) using technologies like Bluetooth.

    Router and Switch Devices

    • Router: Facilitates connectivity between networks, directing data from one segment to another.
    • Switch: Connects multiple devices within a network, forwarding data to specific device ports using MAC addresses.

    Routing

    • Static Routing: Manually configured routing tables for stable networks. Suitable for smaller, unchanging environments but lacks flexibility.
    • Dynamic Routing: Utilizes protocols to adaptively adjust routing tables based on real-time networking changes; ideal for complex networks with frequent modifications.

    Switching Methods

    • Packet Switching: Breaks data into small packets for transmission, optimizing network efficiency.

    Overview of Networks

    • Definition: A network connects two or more computers to exchange information via cables or wireless connections.
    • Nodes: Each computer in a network is referred to as a node.

    Types of Networks by Communication Media

    • Wired Networks: Computers are interconnected using physical cables (e.g., Ethernet).
    • Wireless Networks: Computers utilize wireless adapters to communicate via radio signals.

    Network Topologies

    • Wired Topologies:
      • Bus Topology: All devices share a single communication line.
      • Ring Topology: Each device is connected in a closed loop.
      • Star Topology: All devices connect to a central hub.
      • Mesh Topology: Every device is interconnected, allowing for multiple paths.
    • Wireless Topologies:
      • Infrastructure Wireless Topology: Uses a central access point to connect devices.
      • Ad Hoc Wireless Topology: Devices communicate directly without a central access point.
      • Wireless Mesh Topology: Devices relay data to one another to extend range and reliability.
      • Hybrid Topology: Combines elements of both wired and wireless networks.

    Types of Networks by Geographical Area

    • LAN (Local Area Network): Limited to a small geographic area, like an office or school.
    • WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): A LAN using wireless communication methods.
    • WAN (Wide Area Network): Connects multiple LANs across larger geographic areas and is generally slower than LANs.
    • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a geographical area such as a city; falls between LANs and WANs.
    • CAN (Campus Area Network): Links multiple LANs within a defined area, often a college campus or enterprise.
    • SAN (Storage Area Network): Focuses on dedicated storage devices shared over a network.
    • PAN (Personal Area Network): A very localized network, typically for personal devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets).

    Networking Devices

    • Router: Connects multiple networks and directs data packets between them.
    • Switch: Connects devices within a single network, forwarding data to specific devices rather than broadcasting to all connected devices.

    Routing

    • Static Routing: Involves manually configured routing tables; simpler but not ideal for dynamic networks due to lack of adaptability.
    • Dynamic Routing: Routers exchange information and automatically adjust their routing tables for efficiency; suitable for large networks subject to frequent changes.

    Switching Methods

    • Packet Switching:
      • Data is divided into packets for transmission, allowing efficient use of bandwidth.
      • Advantages: Scalable, flexible, and efficient.
      • Disadvantages: Variable delays and possible packet loss with out-of-order delivery.
    • Circuit Switching:
      • A dedicated pathway is established for communication; commonly used in traditional telephone networks.
      • Advantages: Predictable delay and guaranteed bandwidth.
      • Disadvantages: Inefficient resource use and scalability challenges.
    • Comparison: Packet switching is favored for modern networking due to efficiency, while circuit switching remains in specific scenarios like voice calls.

    Virtual Circuits

    • Virtual circuits provide a temporary dedicated path in packet-switched networks, offering predictability but also increased complexity.

    Summary

    Understanding the various types of networks, their configurations, and how they manage data transmission through routing and switching methods is crucial for efficient network design and troubleshooting.

    Overview of Networks

    • A network is defined as two or more computers connected to exchange information via cables or wireless connections.
    • Any computer connected to a network is referred to as a node.

    Types of Networks Based on Communication Media

    • Wired Networks: Utilize physical cables for connections, involves network interfaces for connectivity.
    • Wireless Networks: Employ wireless adapters communicating via radio signals; flexibility is higher compared to wired setups.

    Network Topologies

    • Wired Topology:

      • Bus Topology: All devices share a single communication line.
      • Ring Topology: Each device connects to two others, forming a circular data pathway.
      • Star Topology: All devices connect to a central hub or switch, preventing entire network failure from a single cable break.
      • Mesh Topology: Each node is connected to all others, providing high redundancy. Common in WANs for reliability.

    • Wireless Topology:

      • Infrastructure Wireless Topology: Devices communicate through a central access point, typical in homes and offices.
      • Ad Hoc Wireless Topology: Devices connect directly without a central point, often for temporary networks.
      • Wireless Mesh Topology: Each device connects to multiple others for reliability; if one node fails, communication can reroute.
      • Hybrid Topology: Combines multiple wireless topologies for diverse configurations.

    Types of Networks Based on Geographical Area

    • LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area like a home or office.
    • WLAN (Wireless LAN): A wireless version of LAN.
    • WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans broader distances, connecting multiple LANs.
    • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Serves a city or large campus.
    • CAN (Campus Area Network): Connects networks across multiple buildings within a campus.
    • SAN (Storage Area Network): Dedicated to data storage, providing block-level access.
    • PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects personal devices within short ranges; extends to WPAN (Wireless PAN) using technologies like Bluetooth.

    Router and Switch Devices

    • Router: Facilitates connectivity between networks, directing data from one segment to another.
    • Switch: Connects multiple devices within a network, forwarding data to specific device ports using MAC addresses.

    Routing

    • Static Routing: Manually configured routing tables for stable networks. Suitable for smaller, unchanging environments but lacks flexibility.
    • Dynamic Routing: Utilizes protocols to adaptively adjust routing tables based on real-time networking changes; ideal for complex networks with frequent modifications.

    Switching Methods

    • Packet Switching: Breaks data into small packets for transmission, optimizing network efficiency.

    Overview of Networks

    • A network consists of two or more computers connected via cables or wireless connections for information exchange.
    • Each connected computer is referred to as a node.

    Types of Networks Based on Communication Media

    • Wired Networks: Utilize cables to connect devices, typically involving network interface circuits.
    • Wireless Networks: Employ wireless network adapters using radio signals for connectivity, common in modern laptops and desktops.

    Network Topologies

    • Wired Topologies:

      • Bus Topology: All devices share a single communication line.
      • Ring Topology: Each device is connected in a circular pathway.
      • Star Topology: All nodes are individually connected to a central hub.
      • Mesh Topology: Each device is interconnected, providing multiple paths for data.

    • Wireless Topologies:

      • Infrastructure Wireless: Utilizes access points to facilitate communication among devices.
      • Ad Hoc Wireless: Direct communication among devices without a central controller.
      • Wireless Mesh: Multiple wireless devices interconnect to extend coverage.
      • Hybrid Topology: Combines wired and wireless elements to create a flexible network structure.

    Types of Networks Based on Geographical Areas

    • LAN (Local Area Network): Limited to a small geographic area like office buildings or schools.
    • WLAN (Wireless LAN): A LAN that uses wireless communication.
    • WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans multiple geographic locations and connects various LANs, often slower than LAN due to added hardware.
    • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a specific geographic area like a city; larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.
    • CAN (Campus Area Network): Links multiple LANs within a defined campus, such as a university or business complex.
    • SAN (Storage Area Network): Network shared for storage devices, offering block-level data storage visible as locally attached devices.
    • PAN (Personal Area Network): A small network allowing personal devices like smartphones and laptops to exchange data, often through Bluetooth.

    Networking Devices

    • Router: Connects and routes data between different networks, expanding network size. Example: Home routers connecting to the Internet.
    • Switch: Connects devices within a local network, forwarding data to specific ports based on MAC addresses.

    Routing

    • Routing: The process of directing data packets to their destination across networks, occurring at the network layer of the OSI model.
    • Static Routing: Manual route configuration by network administrators, suitable for small, stable networks.
    • Dynamic Routing: Automated routing adjustments using protocols to adapt to changes, commonly used in larger networks.

    Switching Methods

    • Packet Switching: Data is divided into packets that are sent through the network independently, allowing for flexibility but potential delays and out-of-order delivery. Key protocols: TCP/IP.

      • Advantages: Efficient resource use, scalability, flexible routing.
      • Disadvantages: Unpredictable delays, possibility of packet loss.

    • Circuit Switching: Establishes a dedicated path for the duration of a communication session, as seen in traditional telephone networks.

      • Advantages: Predictable delays, guaranteed bandwidth.
      • Disadvantages: Resource inefficiency and challenges in managing many connections.

    • Comparison: Packet switching is preferred in modern networks for its efficiency and adaptability, while circuit switching is used in specific cases like voice calls.

    Network Disruption

    • Network disruption can happen when computers are added or removed, making certain designs impractical in dynamic environments.

    Types of Network Topologies

    Wired Topologies

    • Star Topology:

      • All devices connect to a central hub or switch.
      • Each device uses a single cable, allowing for easy expansion.
      • Individual cable failures do not cause network-wide downtime.

    • Mesh Topology:

      • Every device connects to every other device, enhancing redundancy.
      • Data can be rerouted in case of cable failure.
      • Wiring is complex and costly, making it less suitable for standard local area networks (LANs).

    • Bus Topology:

      • Connects all computers using a single backbone cable.
      • Each node “taps” into this cable to communicate.
      • Signal reflection requires both ends of the cable to be terminated, but this topology is largely outdated.

    • Ring Topology:

      • Computers are connected in a circular fashion, with packets traveling around the ring.
      • A single point failure can disrupt the entire network.

    Types of Networks Based on Geographical Areas

    • LAN (Local Area Network):

      • Covers a small geographic area like a building or school.

    • WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network):

      • Similar to LAN, but operates wirelessly.

    • WAN (Wide Area Network):

      • Connects multiple geographic locations, often slower and requiring expensive hardware.

    • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):

      • Spans a city or town and encompasses multiple LANs.

    • CAN (Campus Area Network):

      • Links multiple LANs in a defined area, like a college campus or office complex.

    • SAN (Storage Area Network):

      • Focuses on connecting networked storage devices, providing block-level storage access.

    • PAN (Personal Area Network):

      • A small network for personal devices, often using wireless technologies like Bluetooth.

    Connectivity Devices

    • Router:

      • Connects disparate networks and directs data packets between them.

    • Switch:

      • Connects multiple devices within the same network, forwarding data based on MAC addresses.

    Routing and Switching Methods

    • Routing:

      • Vital for directing data packets across networks to their correct destinations.

    • Virtual Circuits:

      • A communication method in packet-switched networks that provides a dedicated path, contrasting with connectionless packet switching.
      • While offering predictability, they add complexity and can limit scalability compared to other communication models.

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    CH1 Overview of Networks.pptx
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    Description

    Explore the key concepts from Chapter 1 on networks, including definitions, types of communication media (wired and wireless), and various network topologies such as bus, ring, and star. This quiz will test your understanding of these foundational aspects of networking.

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