Networking Basics Quiz

Guided Media

• Examples include copper, fiber, and coax.

LAN

• Abbreviation for Local Area Network.

Fiber-Optic Cabling

• Two categories: single-mode and multimode fiber.

MODEM

• Stands for Modulator-Demodulator.

Instantaneous Throughput

• The immediate bit rate of a communication link.

Traceroute Command

• Typically sends 3 probes per hop.

Transport Layer

• Provides logical communication between processors.
• Produces segments (according to the internet stack model).

Internet Core

• Primarily composed of routers.

Queuing Delay

• Time waiting for transmission at an output link, influenced by congestion levels in routers.

Twisted Pair Wiring

• For 1 Gbps communication, 4/4 wire pairs are typically used.

WAN

• Abbreviation for Wide Area Network.

Transport Layer Port Numbers

• Allocates 16 bits for port numbers.

Units and Conversions

• 61 meters = 200 feet, 1.575 inches.

Sound Cards

• A 7-bit sound card provides 128 levels.

TLS

• Stands for Transport Layer Security.

Network Devices and Layers

• Switches use the lower two layers.
• Routers use the lower three layers.
• PCs use all five layers.
• Tracert command lists routers/hops encountered.

HTTP Connections

• Non-persistent HTTP: Open a TCP connection for every object sent to the client.
• Persistent HTTP: Open one TCP connection for all objects sent to the client.

Client-Server Applications

• To create a client-server application, choose an IP address and port number at the network and transport layer respectively.

Wireshark Packet Analysis

• Source port 25, destination port 8529: Likely an email server packet.
• Source port 50,345, destination port 53: Likely a user host or end-system packet.

Application Layer

• Produces messages (according to the internet stack model).

UDP

• Stands for User Datagram Protocol.

Internet Stack Model Layers

• Second layer from the top: Transport Layer, followed by Network Layer.

Fiber Optic Cable Usage

• Multimode fiber: Primarily for inter-building or campus connections.
• Single-mode fiber: Usually used for long-distance, wide area network (WAN) connections.

Category 5 Cable

• 100 Mbps speed.
• 100-meter distance limit.

Propagation Delay

• Related to link length and propagation speed in the medium.

Transport Protocols for Multimedia

• UDP is more suitable for multimedia applications if some packet loss is acceptable.
• TCP is more suitable for applications needing no packet loss.

Edge Router/Gateway

• Device that connects a host/end system to the Internet core.

Router Queue Overflow

• When a router's queue is full, incoming packets are dropped, regardless of the protocol (TCP/UDP).

Communication Link Speed

• A 10.5 kbps link can send 10,500 bits per second.

Modulation

• Process of carrying data over long distances using a high-power signal.

Network Layer Responsibilities

• Logical communication between hosts.

Persistent HTTP Connection Time

• With parallelism, sending base HTML and embedded objects takes 2RTT for persistent connections.

Non-Persistent HTTP Connection Time

• With parallelism, sending a base HTML file with two embedded objects takes 6RTT.

Twisted-Pair Wire Pair Usage for 100 Mbps

• 2 out of 4 wire pairs are typically used.

Internet Hardware Components

• Host/End Systems
• Communication Links
• Packet Switches

TLS Layer

• Layer between application and transport for security (encryption, integrity, authentication).

OSI Presentation Layer

• Handles compression and encryption.

Gigabit Communication Link Speed

• 1 Gbps = 1,000,000,000 bits per second.

DSL vs Cable Modems

• Cable modems: Homes share the total available bandwidth.

Internet Stack Model Network Layer Output

• Produces datagrams.

Physical Layer Output

• Produces bits.

Coaxial Connectors

• F-connector is the most common current coaxial connector.

Computer Lab Network

• Typically a LAN connecting end systems.

BGP

• Glue that connects subnets globally.

DHCP

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

Usable Hosts Calculation

• (2^h - 2), where 'h' is the host bits.

IP Address Block 200.23.128.0/23 Usable Hosts

• 510 usable hosts.

Minimum IP Datagram Header Size

• 20 bytes.

IP Datagram Fragmentation

• Fragments are assembled at the destination host.

ICMP Protocol Number

Subnetting from 200.23.26.0/23 into 8 subnets

• Each subnet has a mask of 255.255.255.192.

MTU

• Maximum Transmission Unit.

Default Gateway for 192.168.1.0/24

• 192.168.1.1

Host Bits in 200.23.16.0/23

• 9 bits for host addresses.

Host Bits in 197.23.16.0/23

• 9 bits for host addresses.

RIP

• Routing Information Protocol.

OSPF Algorithm Classification

• Hybrid routing algorithm.

Broadcasting Address for 200.23.128.0/23

• 200.23.129.225

ICMP Use Case

• Error reporting.

Hybrid Routing Protocol Example

• EIGRP

Network Address for 200.23.128.0/23

• 200.23.128.0

Non-Routable Address Example

• (All listed options, need to be specified).

OSI Model Extra Layers

• Presentation and Session layers.