Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the last usable IP address in the IP block of addresses 200.23.16.0/23?
What is the last usable IP address in the IP block of addresses 200.23.16.0/23?
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for logical addressing and routing of datagrams?
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for logical addressing and routing of datagrams?
What is the correct subnet mask if 8 subnets are created from the address 200.23.26.0/23?
What is the correct subnet mask if 8 subnets are created from the address 200.23.26.0/23?
Which protocol number is assigned to ICMP?
Which protocol number is assigned to ICMP?
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What is the minimum header size in bytes for an IP datagram, excluding TCP/UDP headers?
What is the minimum header size in bytes for an IP datagram, excluding TCP/UDP headers?
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What does LAN stand for?
What does LAN stand for?
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How many bits are allocated for port numbers in the transport layer?
How many bits are allocated for port numbers in the transport layer?
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Which protocol is more suitable for multimedia applications that can afford to lose some packets?
Which protocol is more suitable for multimedia applications that can afford to lose some packets?
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What type of cabling is primarily used for inter-building connections?
What type of cabling is primarily used for inter-building connections?
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What is the primary function of a modem?
What is the primary function of a modem?
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What does the tracert command do?
What does the tracert command do?
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Which of the following describes queuing delay?
Which of the following describes queuing delay?
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What is the core of the internet primarily composed of?
What is the core of the internet primarily composed of?
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What happens to incoming packets when a route's queue is full?
What happens to incoming packets when a route's queue is full?
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What is the function of modulation in data transmission?
What is the function of modulation in data transmission?
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In the context of persistent HTTP connections, what is the purpose of opening one TCP connection?
In the context of persistent HTTP connections, what is the purpose of opening one TCP connection?
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What categorizes an HTTP server listening on port number 80?
What categorizes an HTTP server listening on port number 80?
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What do NICs (Network Interface Cards) primarily convert during communication?
What do NICs (Network Interface Cards) primarily convert during communication?
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What produces frames according to the Internet stack model?
What produces frames according to the Internet stack model?
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What range of port numbers is defined for the transport layer?
What range of port numbers is defined for the transport layer?
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What is the formula for calculating the number of usable hosts in a network?
What is the formula for calculating the number of usable hosts in a network?
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What is the main difference between DSL and Cable Modems regarding bandwidth access?
What is the main difference between DSL and Cable Modems regarding bandwidth access?
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Which layer in the OSI model handles compression and encryption?
Which layer in the OSI model handles compression and encryption?
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Study Notes
Guided Media
- Examples include copper, fiber, and coax.
LAN
- Abbreviation for Local Area Network.
Fiber-Optic Cabling
- Two categories: single-mode and multimode fiber.
MODEM
- Stands for Modulator-Demodulator.
Instantaneous Throughput
- The immediate bit rate of a communication link.
Traceroute Command
- Typically sends 3 probes per hop.
Transport Layer
- Provides logical communication between processors.
- Produces segments (according to the internet stack model).
Internet Core
- Primarily composed of routers.
Queuing Delay
- Time waiting for transmission at an output link, influenced by congestion levels in routers.
Twisted Pair Wiring
- For 1 Gbps communication, 4/4 wire pairs are typically used.
WAN
- Abbreviation for Wide Area Network.
Transport Layer Port Numbers
- Allocates 16 bits for port numbers.
Units and Conversions
- 61 meters = 200 feet, 1.575 inches.
Sound Cards
- A 7-bit sound card provides 128 levels.
TLS
- Stands for Transport Layer Security.
Network Devices and Layers
- Switches use the lower two layers.
- Routers use the lower three layers.
- PCs use all five layers.
- Tracert command lists routers/hops encountered.
HTTP Connections
- Non-persistent HTTP: Open a TCP connection for every object sent to the client.
- Persistent HTTP: Open one TCP connection for all objects sent to the client.
Client-Server Applications
- To create a client-server application, choose an IP address and port number at the network and transport layer respectively.
Wireshark Packet Analysis
- Source port 25, destination port 8529: Likely an email server packet.
- Source port 50,345, destination port 53: Likely a user host or end-system packet.
Application Layer
- Produces messages (according to the internet stack model).
UDP
- Stands for User Datagram Protocol.
Internet Stack Model Layers
- Second layer from the top: Transport Layer, followed by Network Layer.
Fiber Optic Cable Usage
- Multimode fiber: Primarily for inter-building or campus connections.
- Single-mode fiber: Usually used for long-distance, wide area network (WAN) connections.
Category 5 Cable
- 100 Mbps speed.
- 100-meter distance limit.
Propagation Delay
- Related to link length and propagation speed in the medium.
Transport Protocols for Multimedia
- UDP is more suitable for multimedia applications if some packet loss is acceptable.
- TCP is more suitable for applications needing no packet loss.
Edge Router/Gateway
- Device that connects a host/end system to the Internet core.
Router Queue Overflow
- When a router's queue is full, incoming packets are dropped, regardless of the protocol (TCP/UDP).
Communication Link Speed
- A 10.5 kbps link can send 10,500 bits per second.
Modulation
- Process of carrying data over long distances using a high-power signal.
Network Layer Responsibilities
- Logical communication between hosts.
Persistent HTTP Connection Time
- With parallelism, sending base HTML and embedded objects takes 2RTT for persistent connections.
Non-Persistent HTTP Connection Time
- With parallelism, sending a base HTML file with two embedded objects takes 6RTT.
Twisted-Pair Wire Pair Usage for 100 Mbps
- 2 out of 4 wire pairs are typically used.
Internet Hardware Components
- Host/End Systems
- Communication Links
- Packet Switches
TLS Layer
- Layer between application and transport for security (encryption, integrity, authentication).
OSI Presentation Layer
- Handles compression and encryption.
Gigabit Communication Link Speed
- 1 Gbps = 1,000,000,000 bits per second.
DSL vs Cable Modems
- Cable modems: Homes share the total available bandwidth.
Internet Stack Model Network Layer Output
- Produces datagrams.
Physical Layer Output
- Produces bits.
Coaxial Connectors
- F-connector is the most common current coaxial connector.
Computer Lab Network
- Typically a LAN connecting end systems.
BGP
- Glue that connects subnets globally.
DHCP
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
Usable Hosts Calculation
- (2h - 2), where 'h' is the host bits.
IP Address Block 200.23.128.0/23 Usable Hosts
- 510 usable hosts.
Minimum IP Datagram Header Size
- 20 bytes.
IP Datagram Fragmentation
- Fragments are assembled at the destination host.
ICMP Protocol Number
Subnetting from 200.23.26.0/23 into 8 subnets
- Each subnet has a mask of 255.255.255.192.
MTU
- Maximum Transmission Unit.
Default Gateway for 192.168.1.0/24
- 192.168.1.1
Host Bits in 200.23.16.0/23
- 9 bits for host addresses.
Host Bits in 197.23.16.0/23
- 9 bits for host addresses.
RIP
- Routing Information Protocol.
OSPF Algorithm Classification
- Hybrid routing algorithm.
Broadcasting Address for 200.23.128.0/23
- 200.23.129.225
ICMP Use Case
- Error reporting.
Hybrid Routing Protocol Example
- EIGRP
Network Address for 200.23.128.0/23
- 200.23.128.0
Non-Routable Address Example
- (All listed options, need to be specified).
OSI Model Extra Layers
- Presentation and Session layers.
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Description
Test your knowledge on networking concepts including IP addressing, the OSI model, subnetting, and protocols. Answer questions about specific IP block usages and the roles of different layers in networking. This quiz is perfect for those looking to deepen their understanding of these essential topics.
