Networking Basics: Message Encoding and Delivery
37 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of encoding messages before sending them over a network?

  • To convert them into bits (correct)
  • To change the destination address
  • To increase the message size
  • To ensure security

    • Encapsulation refers to the process of sending data without any addressing information.

    False

    Which of the following is NOT a common networking protocol?

  • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) (correct)
  • Internet Protocol (IP)

    • What is the function of a frame in network communication?

    <p>A frame acts as an envelope providing destination and source address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Internet Protocol (IP) manages individual conversations between devices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of breaking long messages into smaller parts for transmission is known as ______.

    <p>segmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of message delivery is best described as one-to-many?

    <p>Multicast Message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the HTTP protocol primarily govern?

    <p>The interaction between a web server and a web client.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ protocol is responsible for encapsulating TCP segments into packets.

    <p>Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the message delivery options with their descriptions:

    <p>Unicast Message = One-to-one delivery Multicast Message = One-to-many delivery Broadcast Message = One-to-all delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hosts on a network need to know how to handle response timeouts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the protocols to their respective layers:

    <p>HTTP = Application Layer TCP = Transport Layer IP = Network Layer Ethernet = Data Link Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each frame in a network has its own ______ information.

    <p>addressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the TCP/IP communication process, which layer adds source and destination addresses?

    <p>Network Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Ethernet protocol deals with the physical transmission of data on the network media.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of networking protocols?

    <p>To define a common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order in which the protocol headers are removed by the client when receiving data from a web server?

    <p>Ethernet header, IP header, Transport layer header, HTTP information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Open standards discourage interoperability among different vendors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization is responsible for coordinating IP address allocation?

    <p>ICANN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is focused on long-term research related to Internet and TCP/IP protocols.

    <p>Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organizations with their functions:

    <p>ISOC = Promotes open Internet development IETF = Develops Internet standards IEEE = Advances technological innovation IANA = Manages protocol identifiers and allocations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organizations is dedicated to standardizing electrical wiring?

    <p>EIA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is responsible for managing domain name allocations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organization are standards organizations typically described as?

    <p>Vendor-neutral, non-profit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one benefit of using a layered model in networking?

    <p>It assists in protocol design with defined functions at each layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The TCP/IP model was created in the early 1980s.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the layer of the OSI model that is responsible for data segmentation and transfer.

    <p>Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ layer of the OSI model provides methods for exchanging data frames.

    <p>Data Link</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which OSI model layer is primarily responsible for end-to-end communications?

    <p>Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following layers to their primary functions:

    <p>Application = Process-to-process communications Presentation = Common representation of data Network = Data exchange over the network Physical = Transmitting bits across physical connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The OSI model is a less detailed version of the TCP/IP protocol model.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The layer in the TCP/IP model that corresponds to the OSI's application layer is known as the __________ layer.

    <p>Application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of an IP address indicates which network the address belongs to?

    <p>Network portion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A data link frame can be sent directly to a remote destination host.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the default gateway in a network?

    <p>It forwards data from one network to another by acting as an intermediary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ address identifies a specific device on a network.

    <p>host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>MAC Address = Address of a device on a local network IP Address = Address indicating source and destination on a network Default Gateway = Router used to access remote networks Data Link Frame = Encapsulated format for transmitting packets over a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Message Encoding

    • Messages are converted into bits by the sending host.
    • Each bit is encoded into patterns of sounds, light waves, or electrical impulses depending on the network media.
    • Destination host receives and decodes the signals to interpret the message.

    Message Formatting and Encapsulation

    • Messages are formatted for letters and addressing letters, which is required for proper delivery.
    • Encapsulation is putting the letter into the addressed envelope.
    • Each computer message is encapsulated in a specific format, called a frame, before being sent over the network.
    • A frame acts as an envelope, and includes a destination address and source address.

    Message Size

    • Humans break long messages into smaller parts or sentences.
    • Long messages are broken into smaller pieces in order to travel across a network.
    • Each piece is sent in a separate frame with its own addressing information.
    • A receiving host will reconstruct multiple frames into the original message.

    Message Timing

    • Hosts on a network need to know when to begin sending messages and how to respond when collisions occur, this is called access method.
    • Flow control is used by source and destination hosts to negotiate correct timing, to avoid overwhelming the destination and to ensure information is received.
    • Hosts on the network have rules that specify how long to wait for responses and what action to take if a response timeout occurs.

    Message Delivery Options

    • Unicast Message: One-to-one delivery
    • Multicast Message: One-to-many delivery
    • Broadcast Message: One-to-all delivery

    Protocols

    • Protocol suites are implemented by hosts and networking devices in software, hardware or both.
    • Protocols are viewed in terms of layers, with each higher level service depending on the functionality defined by the protocols in the lower levels.

    Network Protocols

    • Networking protocols define a common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices
    • Common networking protocols include Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Internet Protocol (IP).

    Protocol Interaction

    • Communication between a web server and web client is an example of an interaction between several protocols:
      • HTTP - an application protocol governing the way a web server and a web client interact.
      • TCP - transport protocol that manages the individual conversations.
      • IP – encapsulates the TCP segments into packets, assigns addresses, and delivers to the destination host.
      • Ethernet - allows communication over a data link and the physical transmission of data on the network media.

    TCP/IP Protocol Suite

    • TCP/IP communication process:
      • The webserver prepares the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) page.
      • The HTTP application layer protocol sends the data to the transport layer.
      • The transport layer breaks the data into segments and identifies each.
      • Next the IP source and destination addresses are added, creating an IP Packet.
      • The Ethernet information is then added creating the Ethernet Frame, or data link frame.
      • This frame is delivered to the nearest router along the path towards the web client.
      • Each router adds new data link information before forwarding the packet.

    TCP/IP Communication Process (Cont.)

    • Receiving data link frames from the web server:
      • The client processes and removes each protocol header in the opposite order it was added.
      • The Ethernet header is removed first.
      • The IP header is removed next.
      • The Transport layer header is removed next.
      • Finally the HTTP information is processed and sent to the client's web browser.

    Open Standards

    • Open standards encourage interoperability, competition, and innovation.
    • Standards organizations are usually vendor-neutral, non-profit organizations established to develop and promote the concept of open standards.

    Internet Standards

    • Internet Society (ISOC) - promotes open development and evolution of Internet use globally.
    • Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) - coordinates IP address allocation and management of domain names.
    • Internet Architecture Board (IAB) - management and development of Internet standards.
    • Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) - manages IP address allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers for ICANN.
    • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) - develops, updates, and maintains Internet and TCP/IP technologies.
    • Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) - focused on long-term research related to Internet and TCP/IP protocols.

    Electronics and Communications Standard Organizations

    • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - dedicated to advancing technological innovation and creating standards in a wide area of industries including networking.
    • Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) - standards related to electrical wiring, connectors, and network racks.
    • Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) standards for radio equipment, cellular towers, Voice over IP (VoIP) devices, and satellite communications.
    • International Telecommunications Union- Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) standards for video compression, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and broadband communications.

    The Benefits of Using a Layered Model

    • Assisting in protocol design, since protocols at each layer have defined functions.
    • Fostering competition because products from different vendors can work together.
    • Preventing technology changes in one layer from affecting other layers.
    • Providing a common language to describe networking functions and capabilities.

    The OSI Reference Model

    • Application: contains protocols used for process-to-process communications.
    • Presentation: provides for common representation of the data.
    • Session: provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange.
    • Transport: defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data.
    • Network: provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices.
    • Data Link: provides methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media.
    • Physical: describes the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to transmit bits across physical connections.

    The TCP/IP Protocol Model

    • Created in the early 1970s for internetwork communications
    • Open standard.
    • Also called The TCP/IP Model or the Internet Model.

    OSI Model and TCP/IP Model Comparison

    • In the OSI model, the network access layer and the application layer of the TCP/IP model are further divided to describe discrete functions that must occur at these layers.

    Data Access

    • Devices on the Same Network:
      • The network layer addresses, or IP addresses, indicate the original source and final destination.
      • The left-most part of the address indicates which network the IP address is a member of, this is known as the network portion.
      • The remaining part of the address identifies a specific device on the network, this is known as the host portion.
      • The data link frame which uses MAC addressing, is directly sent to the receiving device.
      • The source MAC address is the address of the sending device.
      • The destination MAC address is the address of the receiving device.

    Data Access

    • Devices on a Remote Network:
      • Sending to a remote network - the source and destination IP addresses represent hosts on different networks.
      • The data link frame cannot be sent directly to the remote destination host.
      • This frame is sent to the default gateway (nearest router interface) and the router removes the received Layer 2 information and adds new data link information before forwarding out the exit interface.

    Conclusion

    • Explains how rules facilitate communication.
    • Explains the role of protocols and standards organizations in facilitating interoperability in network communications.
    • Explains how devices on a LAN access resources in a small to medium sized business network.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    CCNA ITN Chapter 3-F (PDF)

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of message encoding, formatting, and encapsulation in network communications. Understand how messages are transformed into bits and prepared for transmission, and learn about the significance of message size and framing. Test your knowledge of how messages reach their destination effectively.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser