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What is the primary difference between a LAN and a WAN in terms of geographical area?

  • LANs and WANs both cover wide geographical areas.
  • LANs span large geographical areas while WANs span small geographical areas.
  • LANs span small geographical areas while WANs span large geographical areas. (correct)
  • Both LAN and WAN cover small geographical areas.
  • Which network infrastructure is typically administered by a single organization?

  • WAN
  • Both WAN and LAN
  • LAN (correct)
  • Neither WAN nor LAN
  • What is a common characteristic of the bandwidth provided by a WAN compared to a LAN?

  • WANs provide higher bandwidth than LANs.
  • WANs and LANs offer equal bandwidth.
  • LANs provide higher bandwidth than WANs. (correct)
  • Bandwidth depends on the specific device type and not network type.
  • Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the variations in network infrastructure?

    <p>The cost of the network devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is typically used to connect LANs across various geographical regions?

    <p>WAN (Wide Area Network) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the topology of a small network?

    <p>Usually simple with a single WAN connection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common methods for connecting small networks to the internet?

    <p>DSL, Cable, and Ethernet connections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a small network, what is the typical role of a local IT technician?

    <p>Managing and troubleshooting network devices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of implementing a planned IP addressing scheme?

    <p>Easier identification of device types (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary forms of software programs or processes that provide access to a network?

    <p>Network Applications and Client Applications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a factor to consider when selecting network devices?

    <p>Number of users on the network (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of network redundancy?

    <p>To minimize downtime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a planned IP addressing scheme contribute to network troubleshooting?

    <p>By allowing easy identification of devices based on their IP addresses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Quality of Service (QoS) in a small network?

    <p>To prioritize real-time traffic over other data traffic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a device that would typically be included in an IP addressing scheme for a small network?

    <p>Firewalls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a switch in a network?

    <p>To forward frames based on destination MAC addresses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a key factor when selecting network devices?

    <p>User Preferences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the network layer?

    <p>To route packets from a sending host to a receiving host. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do switches learn the MAC addresses of devices connected to them?

    <p>By listening to and analyzing the traffic on the network (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the network layer?

    <p>Providing reliable data transmission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an unmanaged switch and a managed switch?

    <p>Unmanaged switches offer no configuration options, while managed switches offer advanced configuration features. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of port security on a managed switch?

    <p>To limit the number of devices that can connect to a specific port (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a router's forwarding table?

    <p>To determine the next hop for a packet based on its destination IP address. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the difference between a switch and a router?

    <p>Switches provide point-to-point connections, while routers connect multiple networks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)?

    <p>A virtual network that allows devices on different physical LANs to communicate as if they were on the same LAN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature usually found on a managed switch?

    <p>Dynamic routing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes a Layer 3 switch from a traditional switch?

    <p>Layer 3 switches can perform routing functions based on IP addresses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the OSI model is primarily concerned with the operation of a switch?

    <p>Data Link Layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advanced capability offered by a Layer 3 switch?

    <p>Traffic shaping. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a network layer routing algorithm?

    <p>To determine the shortest path between two nodes in a network. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A switch table is used to store which of the following information?

    <p>MAC addresses and their corresponding port interfaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement BEST describes the relationship between forwarding and routing?

    <p>Routing determines the path for a packet, while forwarding moves the packet along that path. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Application Layer in the network?

    <p>To translate and prepare data for transfer across networks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protocols are commonly used for remote access to servers?

    <p>Telnet and SSH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?

    <p>To translate domain names into IP addresses for easy access. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is primarily used for sending emails?

    <p>SMTP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a factor to consider when supporting real-time applications on a small network?

    <p>Availability of multiple network protocols for different applications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two protocols are essential for supporting real-time applications like video conferencing?

    <p>RTP and RTCP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between VoIP and IP Telephony?

    <p>VoIP is typically less expensive than IP Telephony, but it may sacrifice some quality and features. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of a network administrator when dealing with real-time applications?

    <p>To ensure the network infrastructure can handle the demands of these applications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Factors for Network Devices Selection

    Cost, speed, expandability, and OS features must be considered.

    Unique IP Addressing

    All devices in a network need a unique IP address.

    Devices in IP Scheme

    Include end user devices, servers, and intermediary devices.

    Planned IP Addressing Scheme

    Planning an IP scheme helps identify devices and troubleshoot.

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    Redundancy in Network Design

    Redundancy eliminates single points of failure for reliability.

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    Quality of Service (QoS)

    QoS supports real-time traffic like voice and video over other data.

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    Network Applications

    Programs that communicate with lower protocol layers.

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    Traffic Management Goals

    Enhance productivity and minimize downtime in networks.

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    Network Layer

    Moves packets from a sending host to a receiving host.

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    Forwarding

    Process of moving packets to the correct output link in a router.

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    Routing

    Determines the path packets take from sender to receiver using algorithms.

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    Router

    Network layer device that forwards packets based on destination IP addresses.

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    Forwarding Table

    Key element in routers that helps forward packets by comparing packet header fields.

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    Switch vs Router

    Routers use network-layer addresses; switches use MAC addresses to forward frames.

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    Layer 3 Switch

    A switch that has routing capabilities, functioning at both Layer 2 and Layer 3.

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    Advanced Capabilities of Layer 3 Switch

    Includes load balancing, QoS, port bonding, and network protection.

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    Switch

    A device that forwards link-layer frames between devices in a network.

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    Filtering

    Process determining if a frame is forwarded or dropped by the switch.

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    Switch Table

    A database in a switch that maps MAC addresses to interfaces.

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    Self Learning

    The capability of a switch to automatically build its MAC address table.

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    Unmanaged Switches

    Basic plug and play switches with no configuration required.

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    Managed Switches

    Advanced switches with configurable features and an operating system.

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    LAN

    Local Area Network, covering a small geographical area.

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    WAN

    Wide Area Network, covering a large geographical area.

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    Layer 2 Switches

    Switches that operate at the data link layer, handling MAC addresses.

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    Application Layer Services

    Programs that interface with the network and prepare data for transfer.

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    Telnet

    A protocol used for remote access to network devices and servers.

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    Small Network Design

    Simple design focusing on a few connected devices in a limited area.

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    Secure Shell (SSH)

    A secure alternative to Telnet for remote access.

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    Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

    Protocol for transmitting web pages over the Internet.

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    Intermediary Devices

    Devices used to connect and manage network traffic between endpoints.

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    Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

    Protocol used to send email.

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    Network Administration

    The process of managing and maintaining network infrastructure.

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    Design Consideration

    Planning aspects to meet user requirements and costs in network setup.

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    Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

    Protocol that assigns IP addresses to clients automatically.

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    Voice over IP (VoIP)

    Technology that allows voice communication over the Internet.

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    Study Notes

    LAN Hardware [Wired]

    • LAN hardware includes Layer 2 switches, Layer 3 switches, and Layer 4 switches.

    Wireless Hardware

    • Wireless components are included, as are client devices.

    LANs and WANs

    • Network infrastructures differ in area covered, number of users, services available, and responsibilities.
    • Two primary network types exist: LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network).
    • LANs cover small geographical areas, are administered by a single entity, and offer high-bandwidth connections.
    • WANs cover large geographical areas, are generally managed by several service providers, and characteristically provide slower connections between multiple LANs.

    Devices in a Small Network

    • Most business networks are small.
    • Small network designs are usually simple.
    • Small networks typically have one WAN connection (DSL, cable, or Ethernet).
    • Large networks often require dedicated IT personnel for maintenance, security, and troubleshooting.

    Device Selection for a Small Network

    • Small network design needs to meet all requirements considering cost, deployment options.
    • Important design consideration is the type of intermediary devices.
    • Key selection factors for network devices include cost, speed and port types, expandability, and operating system features.

    IP Addressing for a Small Network

    • All devices within an internetwork need a unique IP address.
    • End user devices (wired, wireless, remote access), servers, peripherals (printers, security cameras), and intermediary devices (switches, access points) all require IP addresses.
    • Document and maintain a planned IP addressing scheme based on device types for easier identification and troubleshooting.

    Redundancy in a Small Network

    • High reliability requires redundancy in network design to eliminate single points of failure.
    • Redundancy is accomplished by installing duplicate equipment and providing duplicate network links in critical areas.
    • Examples include redundant servers, links, switches, and routers.

    Traffic Management

    • Network design aims to improve employee productivity and minimize network downtime.
    • Routers and switches should support real-time traffic (e.g., voice, video) in a manner appropriate to other data traffic.
    • Quality of Service (QoS) is a key concept for managing network traffic priorities.

    Small Network Applications and Protocols

    • Networks need applications and protocols to function. Two key forms are: network applications and application layer services.
    • Network applications use protocols to communicate with lower network layers.
    • Application layer services prepare non-network-aware applications for network transfer.

    Common Protocols

    • Network administrators often need access to network devices/servers. Telnet and SSH are common remote access solutions.
    • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) are used between web clients and web servers.
    • SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) sends email; POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) receive it.
    • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) transfer files.
    • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) assigns IP configurations to clients.
    • DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names to IP addresses.

    Voice and Video Applications

    • Businesses increasingly use IP telephony and streaming media to enhance communication and remote work capabilities.
    • Network administrators must ensure proper equipment installation and configuration for reliable priority delivery.

    Voice and Video Applications: Factors to Consider

    • Infrastructure needs appropriate capacity for real-time applications.
    • VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is typically less expensive than IP telephony but often has lower quality.
    • IP telephony uses dedicated servers for call control and signaling.
    • Real-time applications require QoS mechanisms (e.g., RTP, RTCP) to minimize latency issues.

    Switches

    • Switches' role is to forward incoming link-layer frames onto outgoing links.
    • Switches are transparent to hosts and routers in the subnet; there is no direct addressing to the switch.
    • Hosts are unaware that a switch is receiving and forwarding their frames.
    • Switch functionality includes filtering and forwarding, utilizing a switch table.

    Switches are Self-Learning

    • Switches automatically build MAC tables, dynamically and without admin intervention.

    Type of Switches

    • Unmanaged switches (plug-and-play, no configuration).
    • Managed switches (operating system, additional features).

    Managed Switches

    • Per-port configuration of managed switches is possible.
    • Port security allows locking switch ports to specific MAC addresses.
    • Virtual LANs (VLANs) segment physical networks into logical networks without additional hardware.
    • VLAN trunking transfers VLAN traffic between switches.

    Routers

    • Routers are network layer devices (Layer 3).
    • Essential function of a router is forwarding tables.
    • A router forwards packets based on their destination IP addresses.
    • A typical router has at least two interfaces.

    Routing Table

    • The routing table contains routes to various destinations, each with a gateway, netmask, and type.
    • Routing tables help in determining paths for IP packets.

    Comparison of Switches and Routers

    • Routers operate at Layer 3 of the OSI model using network-layer addresses, while switches operate at Layer 2 using MAC addresses.
    • Switches often use plug-and-play, whereas routers typically require configuration.
    • Hubs, unlike routers and switches, don't isolate traffic.

    Routing Table and Network

    • The routing table (Figure 7-8) contains data determining routes for packets.
    • The diagram in Figure 7-9 illustrates a network based on the routing table (Figure 7-7). A single router manages traffic between two subnets (10.12.14.0/24 and 76.30.4.0/24) with proper routing protocols.

    Routing Algorithm

    • Routing algorithms determine values in forward tables as described in Figure 4.2.

    Layer 3 Switches/Multilayer Switches

    • Layer 3 switches function at both Layer 2 and Layer 3.
    • Layer 3 switches have ports that can function as switch ports or router ports.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts in networking, focusing on LAN and WAN technologies. It addresses the types of LAN hardware, the differences in network infrastructures, and the management of small versus large networks. Test your understanding of these foundational networking principles.

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