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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between a LAN and a WAN in terms of geographical area?
What is the primary difference between a LAN and a WAN in terms of geographical area?
Which network infrastructure is typically administered by a single organization?
Which network infrastructure is typically administered by a single organization?
What is a common characteristic of the bandwidth provided by a WAN compared to a LAN?
What is a common characteristic of the bandwidth provided by a WAN compared to a LAN?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the variations in network infrastructure?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the variations in network infrastructure?
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What type of network is typically used to connect LANs across various geographical regions?
What type of network is typically used to connect LANs across various geographical regions?
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Which of the following describes the topology of a small network?
Which of the following describes the topology of a small network?
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What are some common methods for connecting small networks to the internet?
What are some common methods for connecting small networks to the internet?
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In a small network, what is the typical role of a local IT technician?
In a small network, what is the typical role of a local IT technician?
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What is a potential benefit of implementing a planned IP addressing scheme?
What is a potential benefit of implementing a planned IP addressing scheme?
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What are the two primary forms of software programs or processes that provide access to a network?
What are the two primary forms of software programs or processes that provide access to a network?
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Which of these is NOT a factor to consider when selecting network devices?
Which of these is NOT a factor to consider when selecting network devices?
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What is the primary goal of network redundancy?
What is the primary goal of network redundancy?
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How does a planned IP addressing scheme contribute to network troubleshooting?
How does a planned IP addressing scheme contribute to network troubleshooting?
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What is the primary purpose of Quality of Service (QoS) in a small network?
What is the primary purpose of Quality of Service (QoS) in a small network?
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Which of these is NOT a device that would typically be included in an IP addressing scheme for a small network?
Which of these is NOT a device that would typically be included in an IP addressing scheme for a small network?
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What is the primary role of a switch in a network?
What is the primary role of a switch in a network?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a key factor when selecting network devices?
Which of the following is NOT considered a key factor when selecting network devices?
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What is the primary function of the network layer?
What is the primary function of the network layer?
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How do switches learn the MAC addresses of devices connected to them?
How do switches learn the MAC addresses of devices connected to them?
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Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the network layer?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the network layer?
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What is the difference between an unmanaged switch and a managed switch?
What is the difference between an unmanaged switch and a managed switch?
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What is the purpose of port security on a managed switch?
What is the purpose of port security on a managed switch?
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What is the main purpose of a router's forwarding table?
What is the main purpose of a router's forwarding table?
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Which statement accurately describes the difference between a switch and a router?
Which statement accurately describes the difference between a switch and a router?
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What is a VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)?
What is a VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)?
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Which of the following is NOT a feature usually found on a managed switch?
Which of the following is NOT a feature usually found on a managed switch?
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What feature distinguishes a Layer 3 switch from a traditional switch?
What feature distinguishes a Layer 3 switch from a traditional switch?
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Which layer of the OSI model is primarily concerned with the operation of a switch?
Which layer of the OSI model is primarily concerned with the operation of a switch?
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Which of the following is an advanced capability offered by a Layer 3 switch?
Which of the following is an advanced capability offered by a Layer 3 switch?
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What is the primary function of a network layer routing algorithm?
What is the primary function of a network layer routing algorithm?
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A switch table is used to store which of the following information?
A switch table is used to store which of the following information?
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Which statement BEST describes the relationship between forwarding and routing?
Which statement BEST describes the relationship between forwarding and routing?
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What is the primary purpose of the Application Layer in the network?
What is the primary purpose of the Application Layer in the network?
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Which of the following protocols are commonly used for remote access to servers?
Which of the following protocols are commonly used for remote access to servers?
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What is the primary function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
What is the primary function of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
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Which protocol is primarily used for sending emails?
Which protocol is primarily used for sending emails?
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Which of these is NOT a factor to consider when supporting real-time applications on a small network?
Which of these is NOT a factor to consider when supporting real-time applications on a small network?
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Which two protocols are essential for supporting real-time applications like video conferencing?
Which two protocols are essential for supporting real-time applications like video conferencing?
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What is the main distinction between VoIP and IP Telephony?
What is the main distinction between VoIP and IP Telephony?
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Which statement best describes the role of a network administrator when dealing with real-time applications?
Which statement best describes the role of a network administrator when dealing with real-time applications?
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Flashcards
Factors for Network Devices Selection
Factors for Network Devices Selection
Cost, speed, expandability, and OS features must be considered.
Unique IP Addressing
Unique IP Addressing
All devices in a network need a unique IP address.
Devices in IP Scheme
Devices in IP Scheme
Include end user devices, servers, and intermediary devices.
Planned IP Addressing Scheme
Planned IP Addressing Scheme
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Redundancy in Network Design
Redundancy in Network Design
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Quality of Service (QoS)
Quality of Service (QoS)
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Network Applications
Network Applications
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Traffic Management Goals
Traffic Management Goals
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Network Layer
Network Layer
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Forwarding
Forwarding
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Routing
Routing
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Router
Router
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Forwarding Table
Forwarding Table
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Switch vs Router
Switch vs Router
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Layer 3 Switch
Layer 3 Switch
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Advanced Capabilities of Layer 3 Switch
Advanced Capabilities of Layer 3 Switch
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Switch
Switch
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Filtering
Filtering
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Switch Table
Switch Table
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Self Learning
Self Learning
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Unmanaged Switches
Unmanaged Switches
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Managed Switches
Managed Switches
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LAN
LAN
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WAN
WAN
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Layer 2 Switches
Layer 2 Switches
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Application Layer Services
Application Layer Services
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Telnet
Telnet
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Small Network Design
Small Network Design
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Secure Shell (SSH)
Secure Shell (SSH)
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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Intermediary Devices
Intermediary Devices
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
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Network Administration
Network Administration
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Design Consideration
Design Consideration
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
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Voice over IP (VoIP)
Voice over IP (VoIP)
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Study Notes
LAN Hardware [Wired]
- LAN hardware includes Layer 2 switches, Layer 3 switches, and Layer 4 switches.
Wireless Hardware
- Wireless components are included, as are client devices.
LANs and WANs
- Network infrastructures differ in area covered, number of users, services available, and responsibilities.
- Two primary network types exist: LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network).
- LANs cover small geographical areas, are administered by a single entity, and offer high-bandwidth connections.
- WANs cover large geographical areas, are generally managed by several service providers, and characteristically provide slower connections between multiple LANs.
Devices in a Small Network
- Most business networks are small.
- Small network designs are usually simple.
- Small networks typically have one WAN connection (DSL, cable, or Ethernet).
- Large networks often require dedicated IT personnel for maintenance, security, and troubleshooting.
Device Selection for a Small Network
- Small network design needs to meet all requirements considering cost, deployment options.
- Important design consideration is the type of intermediary devices.
- Key selection factors for network devices include cost, speed and port types, expandability, and operating system features.
IP Addressing for a Small Network
- All devices within an internetwork need a unique IP address.
- End user devices (wired, wireless, remote access), servers, peripherals (printers, security cameras), and intermediary devices (switches, access points) all require IP addresses.
- Document and maintain a planned IP addressing scheme based on device types for easier identification and troubleshooting.
Redundancy in a Small Network
- High reliability requires redundancy in network design to eliminate single points of failure.
- Redundancy is accomplished by installing duplicate equipment and providing duplicate network links in critical areas.
- Examples include redundant servers, links, switches, and routers.
Traffic Management
- Network design aims to improve employee productivity and minimize network downtime.
- Routers and switches should support real-time traffic (e.g., voice, video) in a manner appropriate to other data traffic.
- Quality of Service (QoS) is a key concept for managing network traffic priorities.
Small Network Applications and Protocols
- Networks need applications and protocols to function. Two key forms are: network applications and application layer services.
- Network applications use protocols to communicate with lower network layers.
- Application layer services prepare non-network-aware applications for network transfer.
Common Protocols
- Network administrators often need access to network devices/servers. Telnet and SSH are common remote access solutions.
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) are used between web clients and web servers.
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) sends email; POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) receive it.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) transfer files.
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) assigns IP configurations to clients.
- DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names to IP addresses.
Voice and Video Applications
- Businesses increasingly use IP telephony and streaming media to enhance communication and remote work capabilities.
- Network administrators must ensure proper equipment installation and configuration for reliable priority delivery.
Voice and Video Applications: Factors to Consider
- Infrastructure needs appropriate capacity for real-time applications.
- VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is typically less expensive than IP telephony but often has lower quality.
- IP telephony uses dedicated servers for call control and signaling.
- Real-time applications require QoS mechanisms (e.g., RTP, RTCP) to minimize latency issues.
Switches
- Switches' role is to forward incoming link-layer frames onto outgoing links.
- Switches are transparent to hosts and routers in the subnet; there is no direct addressing to the switch.
- Hosts are unaware that a switch is receiving and forwarding their frames.
- Switch functionality includes filtering and forwarding, utilizing a switch table.
Switches are Self-Learning
- Switches automatically build MAC tables, dynamically and without admin intervention.
Type of Switches
- Unmanaged switches (plug-and-play, no configuration).
- Managed switches (operating system, additional features).
Managed Switches
- Per-port configuration of managed switches is possible.
- Port security allows locking switch ports to specific MAC addresses.
- Virtual LANs (VLANs) segment physical networks into logical networks without additional hardware.
- VLAN trunking transfers VLAN traffic between switches.
Routers
- Routers are network layer devices (Layer 3).
- Essential function of a router is forwarding tables.
- A router forwards packets based on their destination IP addresses.
- A typical router has at least two interfaces.
Routing Table
- The routing table contains routes to various destinations, each with a gateway, netmask, and type.
- Routing tables help in determining paths for IP packets.
Comparison of Switches and Routers
- Routers operate at Layer 3 of the OSI model using network-layer addresses, while switches operate at Layer 2 using MAC addresses.
- Switches often use plug-and-play, whereas routers typically require configuration.
- Hubs, unlike routers and switches, don't isolate traffic.
Routing Table and Network
- The routing table (Figure 7-8) contains data determining routes for packets.
- The diagram in Figure 7-9 illustrates a network based on the routing table (Figure 7-7). A single router manages traffic between two subnets (10.12.14.0/24 and 76.30.4.0/24) with proper routing protocols.
Routing Algorithm
- Routing algorithms determine values in forward tables as described in Figure 4.2.
Layer 3 Switches/Multilayer Switches
- Layer 3 switches function at both Layer 2 and Layer 3.
- Layer 3 switches have ports that can function as switch ports or router ports.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in networking, focusing on LAN and WAN technologies. It addresses the types of LAN hardware, the differences in network infrastructures, and the management of small versus large networks. Test your understanding of these foundational networking principles.