Questions and Answers
Which network topology connects devices to a single central hub?
In which topology does data travel in one direction, minimizing packet collisions?
Which device connects multiple networks and directs data packets?
Which layer of the OSI model manages sessions between applications?
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IPv4 uses 128-bit addresses.
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A modem is used for encoding and decoding data between ___ and ___ formats.
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What does the OSI model stand for?
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Match the following IP address types with their features:
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Study Notes
Network Topologies
- Network topologies define the physical or logical connections between devices in a communication network.
- Star Topology: Devices connect to a central hub (often a switch or router) with easy management but a single point of failure.
- Ring Topology: Data travels in a circular path, reducing packet collisions, enhancing orderly data transmission.
- Bus Topology: All devices link to a single communication line (bus), simple but can be prone to failures if the bus is damaged.
- Mesh Topology: Every device has a direct link to every other device, promoting high reliability and fault tolerance, commonly used in critical systems.
Networking Devices
- Routers: Connect different networks, directing data packets using headers and forwarding tables for efficient traffic management.
- Switches: Operate at the data link layer, connecting devices within the same network, filtering traffic based on MAC addresses.
- Gateways: Bridge different networks by allowing communication across various protocols (e.g., IP, TCP, HTTP).
- Modems: Convert data between digital and analog formats, essential for internet communication.
- Hubs: Basic devices connecting multiple Ethernet devices, functioning as a single network segment.
- Bridges: Connect multiple networks at the data link layer, filtering traffic by storing MAC addresses.
- Brouters: Combine the functions of bridges and routers, filtering data and routing packets across networks.
OSI Model
- The OSI Model consists of seven layers that describe how data moves through a network.
- Physical Layer: Transmits raw data through physical media (e.g., Ethernet cables, fiber optics).
- Data Link Layer: Manages framing of data between devices (e.g., switches, bridges).
- Network Layer: Routes data packets (e.g., routers).
- Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer (e.g., TCP, UDP).
- Session Layer: Manages sessions between applications (e.g., APIs, sockets).
- Presentation Layer: Translates data formats between network and applications (e.g., encryption protocols).
- Application Layer: Provides networking services to applications (e.g., HTTP, SMTP, FTP).
IP Addressing
- IP addressing assigns unique numeric identifiers to devices, facilitating their communication.
- Two types of IP addresses:
- IPv4: Consists of four octets (e.g., 192.168.1.1), limited to about 4.29 billion unique addresses, often extended using NAT.
- IPv6: Contains eight groups of hexadecimal numbers (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334), vastly expands address space to about 340 undecillion addresses, eliminating the need for NAT.
IPv4 vs. IPv6
- Address Space: IPv4 uses 32 bits while IPv6 uses 128 bits, accommodating a much larger number of devices.
- Notation: IPv4 is expressed in decimal format; IPv6 uses hexadecimal, highlighting the difference in structure and scalability.
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Description
This quiz covers foundational concepts from Networking 2, including network topologies, networking devices, the OSI model, and IP addressing. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact to form a functional network. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of these critical networking principles.
