Networking 2: Review of Basics
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Questions and Answers

Which network topology connects devices to a single central hub?

  • Star Topology (correct)
  • Mesh Topology
  • Bus Topology
  • Ring Topology
  • In which topology does data travel in one direction, minimizing packet collisions?

  • Bus Topology
  • Mesh Topology
  • Star Topology
  • Ring Topology (correct)
  • Which device connects multiple networks and directs data packets?

  • Router (correct)
  • Hub
  • Switch
  • Bridge
  • Which layer of the OSI model manages sessions between applications?

    <p>Session Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IPv4 uses 128-bit addresses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A modem is used for encoding and decoding data between ___ and ___ formats.

    <p>digital, analog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the OSI model stand for?

    <p>Open Systems Interconnection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following IP address types with their features:

    <p>IPv4 = Uses 32-bit addresses IPv6 = Uses 128-bit addresses and provides a larger address space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Network Topologies

    • Network topologies define the physical or logical connections between devices in a communication network.
    • Star Topology: Devices connect to a central hub (often a switch or router) with easy management but a single point of failure.
    • Ring Topology: Data travels in a circular path, reducing packet collisions, enhancing orderly data transmission.
    • Bus Topology: All devices link to a single communication line (bus), simple but can be prone to failures if the bus is damaged.
    • Mesh Topology: Every device has a direct link to every other device, promoting high reliability and fault tolerance, commonly used in critical systems.

    Networking Devices

    • Routers: Connect different networks, directing data packets using headers and forwarding tables for efficient traffic management.
    • Switches: Operate at the data link layer, connecting devices within the same network, filtering traffic based on MAC addresses.
    • Gateways: Bridge different networks by allowing communication across various protocols (e.g., IP, TCP, HTTP).
    • Modems: Convert data between digital and analog formats, essential for internet communication.
    • Hubs: Basic devices connecting multiple Ethernet devices, functioning as a single network segment.
    • Bridges: Connect multiple networks at the data link layer, filtering traffic by storing MAC addresses.
    • Brouters: Combine the functions of bridges and routers, filtering data and routing packets across networks.

    OSI Model

    • The OSI Model consists of seven layers that describe how data moves through a network.
      • Physical Layer: Transmits raw data through physical media (e.g., Ethernet cables, fiber optics).
      • Data Link Layer: Manages framing of data between devices (e.g., switches, bridges).
      • Network Layer: Routes data packets (e.g., routers).
      • Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer (e.g., TCP, UDP).
      • Session Layer: Manages sessions between applications (e.g., APIs, sockets).
      • Presentation Layer: Translates data formats between network and applications (e.g., encryption protocols).
      • Application Layer: Provides networking services to applications (e.g., HTTP, SMTP, FTP).

    IP Addressing

    • IP addressing assigns unique numeric identifiers to devices, facilitating their communication.
    • Two types of IP addresses:
      • IPv4: Consists of four octets (e.g., 192.168.1.1), limited to about 4.29 billion unique addresses, often extended using NAT.
      • IPv6: Contains eight groups of hexadecimal numbers (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334), vastly expands address space to about 340 undecillion addresses, eliminating the need for NAT.

    IPv4 vs. IPv6

    • Address Space: IPv4 uses 32 bits while IPv6 uses 128 bits, accommodating a much larger number of devices.
    • Notation: IPv4 is expressed in decimal format; IPv6 uses hexadecimal, highlighting the difference in structure and scalability.

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    Description

    This quiz covers foundational concepts from Networking 2, including network topologies, networking devices, the OSI model, and IP addressing. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact to form a functional network. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of these critical networking principles.

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