Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a significant benefit of networked communications?
What is a significant benefit of networked communications?
Spam accounted for more than 85% of email traffic by 2009.
Spam accounted for more than 85% of email traffic by 2009.
True
What is the primary method spammers use to obtain email addresses?
What is the primary method spammers use to obtain email addresses?
Websites and chat rooms
Spam is defined as _____ email.
Spam is defined as _____ email.
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Which of the following harms is associated with networked communications?
Which of the following harms is associated with networked communications?
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Match the following to their definitions:
Match the following to their definitions:
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How did the spam tsunami affect email traffic from 2002 to 2009?
How did the spam tsunami affect email traffic from 2002 to 2009?
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Ann did anything wrong by sending the email about the Girl Scout cookie sale.
Ann did anything wrong by sending the email about the Girl Scout cookie sale.
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What is a significant factor that influences a webpage's ranking on Google?
What is a significant factor that influences a webpage's ranking on Google?
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Cyberbullying is defined as the use of the Internet or phone system to inflict physical harm.
Cyberbullying is defined as the use of the Internet or phone system to inflict physical harm.
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What law aims to prevent cyberbullying in the case of Megan Meier?
What law aims to prevent cyberbullying in the case of Megan Meier?
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The three variants of Internet addiction identified by psychiatrist Jerald Block are excessive gaming, sexual preoccupations, and __________.
The three variants of Internet addiction identified by psychiatrist Jerald Block are excessive gaming, sexual preoccupations, and __________.
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Match the following countries with their respective regulations or actions regarding gaming for children:
Match the following countries with their respective regulations or actions regarding gaming for children:
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What was the Supreme Court's ruling regarding the FCC and the First Amendment?
What was the Supreme Court's ruling regarding the FCC and the First Amendment?
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Kate's actions in posting Jerry's photo were considered right by four out of five ethical analyses.
Kate's actions in posting Jerry's photo were considered right by four out of five ethical analyses.
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What is a web filter?
What is a web filter?
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Under the Child Internet Protection Act, libraries must filter pages containing ___ or ___ content.
Under the Child Internet Protection Act, libraries must filter pages containing ___ or ___ content.
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What role does Facebook play in the dissemination of news among Americans?
What role does Facebook play in the dissemination of news among Americans?
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Match the following ethical theories to their evaluation of CIPA:
Match the following ethical theories to their evaluation of CIPA:
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Which of the following is NOT a common method used by identity thieves to gain access to personal information?
Which of the following is NOT a common method used by identity thieves to gain access to personal information?
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Censorship is primarily exercised by private companies rather than governments.
Censorship is primarily exercised by private companies rather than governments.
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The majority of identity theft cases originate from lost credit cards or bank information.
The majority of identity theft cases originate from lost credit cards or bank information.
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What is self-censorship?
What is self-censorship?
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The practice of modifying or blocking access to information is known as ______.
The practice of modifying or blocking access to information is known as ______.
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What percentage of teens are reported to be sexting?
What percentage of teens are reported to be sexting?
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Instant messaging software, such as ___, is commonly used by child predators to find victims.
Instant messaging software, such as ___, is commonly used by child predators to find victims.
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Match the following types of censorship with their characteristics:
Match the following types of censorship with their characteristics:
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What is the consumer's liability for credit card losses limited to?
What is the consumer's liability for credit card losses limited to?
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Which of the following represents a challenge posed by the Internet regarding censorship?
Which of the following represents a challenge posed by the Internet regarding censorship?
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The 1st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides absolute freedom of expression.
The 1st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides absolute freedom of expression.
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Who among the Enlightenment thinkers opposed censorship?
Who among the Enlightenment thinkers opposed censorship?
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In many cases, the ________ has acted as the Fourth Estate, informing citizens and holding power to account.
In many cases, the ________ has acted as the Fourth Estate, informing citizens and holding power to account.
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What was the significance of the printing press?
What was the significance of the printing press?
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According to the Kantian analysis, what should we always respect in others?
According to the Kantian analysis, what should we always respect in others?
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Ann's action of sending the email was strictly wrong according to the Act Utilitarian analysis.
Ann's action of sending the email was strictly wrong according to the Act Utilitarian analysis.
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What was Ann's profit from selling Girl Scout cookies if she sold 36 boxes at $3 profit each?
What was Ann's profit from selling Girl Scout cookies if she sold 36 boxes at $3 profit each?
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The _____ Web is characterized by a networked hypertext system.
The _____ Web is characterized by a networked hypertext system.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What was one negative consequence of everyone in the company using email for donations according to Rule Utilitarian analysis?
What was one negative consequence of everyone in the company using email for donations according to Rule Utilitarian analysis?
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The Internet Research Agency’s posts during the 2016 election were seen by approximately 10 million Americans.
The Internet Research Agency’s posts during the 2016 election were seen by approximately 10 million Americans.
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What was Ann's poor judgment symptom according to the Virtue Ethics analysis?
What was Ann's poor judgment symptom according to the Virtue Ethics analysis?
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In the Act Utilitarian analysis, the time wasted at work resulted in a loss of productivity amounting to $_____ for the company.
In the Act Utilitarian analysis, the time wasted at work resulted in a loss of productivity amounting to $_____ for the company.
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What method could Ann have utilized to avoid issues with her coworkers regarding the cookie sale?
What method could Ann have utilized to avoid issues with her coworkers regarding the cookie sale?
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Study Notes
Networked Communications
- Internet and cellular networks are essential for modern life.
- Benefits include conducting business, staying connected with loved ones, and entertainment options.
- Harms consist of scams, bullying, harassment, and potential threats to democratic institutions.
Spam
- Spam is unsolicited bulk email, marked by significant profitability.
- Sending ads to one million addresses costs $10, making it over 30,000 times cheaper than traditional junk mail.
- Spam traffic rose dramatically from 9% of email in 2002 to 85% by 2009, now around 57%.
- Companies gather email addresses via websites, chat rooms, and contests, while bot herders manage large botnets for spam distribution.
- Despite spam filters, the economic impact of spam is estimated in tens of billions of dollars lost in productivity.
Socio-Technical Solutions
- New technologies can lead to new social dynamics, as seen with spam where low costs drive increased volume of messages.
- The Internet’s design encourages one-way communication, complicating spam management.
Case Study: Ann the Acme Accountant
- Ann sent an email about a Girl Scout cookie sale, leading to mixed reactions from employees.
- Analyses of her actions varied:
- Kantian: No misrepresentation, but opt-in would have been better.
- Act Utilitarian: Benefits (earnings for scouts) outweighed minor harms (time lost).
- Rule Utilitarian: Predicted company-wide solicitation would lower morale and yield more harm.
- Social Contract: No company policy against her email use; acted within rights.
- Virtue Ethics: Showed honesty but lacked fairness and respect towards coworkers.
Internet Interactions
- The World Wide Web is decentralized with every object having a unique URL.
- Increasing use of mobile devices has shifted access from browsers to mobile apps.
- The Internet is used for various activities, including purchasing, socializing, and learning.
Impact of Text Messaging
- M-PESA in Kenya illustrates how mobile tech enables savings, bill payments, and fund transfers.
- text messaging has reshaped political activism and communication, notably during events like the Arab Spring.
Political Influence of Online Media
- Social media platforms play a significant role in political activism and misinformation campaigns.
- Russian interference in U.S. elections raised concerns about the influence of social media on democracy.
Censorship
- Censorship aims to regulate harmful or offensive content, traditionally by governments.
- Direct and self-censorship both play roles, with the Internet’s vastness challenging regulation.
- Governments like China and North Korea exemplify extreme censorship practices.
Freedom of Expression
- Historical evolution led to significant protections under the First Amendment.
- These rights are not absolute and must be balanced against public good.
- Court cases illustrate tensions between censorship and freedom of speech.
Internet Ethics and Privacy
- Several ethical evaluations, including Kantian and Utilitarian, analyze actions online with respect to privacy and autonomy.
- Issues like sexting highlight ongoing conversations about appropriate content and online behavior.
Cybercrime
- Identity theft is a prevalent crime, especially online, with various methods used by thieves.
- Instances of cyberbullying and revenge porn point to the darker side of online interactions.
- Police techniques in tackling online predation raise ethical questions about method versus motive.
Internet Addiction
- There is ongoing debate about whether internet addiction qualifies as a mental disorder.
- Symptoms identified include excessive use, withdrawal, and resultant negative social consequences.
- Governments like South Korea and China have introduced regulations to manage excessive gaming in minors.### Internet Addiction and Its Consequences
- In 2005, a South Korean man died after playing video games for nearly 50 hours continuously, highlighting severe cases of gaming addiction.
Contributing Factors to Addiction
- Social Factors: Peer groups heavily influence individuals, potentially fostering addictive behaviors.
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Situational Factors:
- Stress plays a significant role in developing dependencies.
- Lack of social support and intimacy can lead to isolation and increased addiction risk.
- Limited opportunities for productive activities can result in individuals seeking solace through addictive behaviors.
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Individual Factors:
- Those with a propensity for excess may engage more deeply in addictive activities.
- A lack of personal achievement can drive individuals toward escapism through addiction.
- Fear of failure can also contribute to continued engagement in addictive behaviors.
Ethical Evaluation
-
Enlightenment View:
- Perspectives from Kantianism and utilitarianism assert that individuals hold the power and responsibility to govern their lives and make choices consciously.
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Jeffrey Reiman's View:
- Suggests that the behavior of addicts can be understood in the context of hopelessness, arguing that society has a role in creating environments that foster such despair.
Impact of the Internet and Social Media
- Advances in internet and cellular technology have transformed communication, enabling unprecedented social interaction, business opportunities, and political organization.
- This vast digital landscape mirrors both the best and worst aspects of humanity, presenting new opportunities for exploitation and addiction.
- Social media has emerged as a crucial platform for news dissemination, while also potentially increasing political polarization among users.
Governmental Response
- Governments face challenges in deciding how to intervene regarding internet content control and tackling issues like internet addiction while balancing freedom of information.
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Description
Explore the integral role of networked communications in modern life, including the benefits and harms of the internet and cellular networks. This quiz covers topics such as spam, business connectivity, social interactions, and the potential threats posed by these technologies.
