Network Types
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What is the primary role of a device in a peer-to-peer network?

  • To act as a dedicated client
  • To act as a dedicated server
  • To act as either a client or a server (correct)
  • To act as a router

    • What is an example of a peer-to-peer networking system?

  • A company's internal network
  • A web browser connecting to a website
  • A wireless hotspot
  • Napster for music sharing (correct)

    • What is the main difference between a peer-to-peer network and a client-server network?

  • The geographical location of the devices
  • The type of devices on the network
  • The role of devices on the network (correct)
  • The number of devices on the network

    • What is the purpose of a server in a client-server network?

    <p>To provide services to other devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a client device?

    <p>A mobile device accessing a website</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a cloud representation in network diagrams?

    <p>To represent a collection of network connectivity without detailing the internal workings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a peer-to-peer network?

    <p>Devices can act as both clients and servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common service provided by a server in a client-server network?

    <p>HTTPS services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a network type that involves a client reaching out to a server to consume resources?

    <p>Client to server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a peer-to-peer network?

    <p>Devices can act as both clients and servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a personal area network technology?

    <p>Bluetooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the access layer in a three-tier hierarchical model?

    <p>To allow devices to plug in and access the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an access point in an enterprise network?

    <p>To allow wireless clients to connect to the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the name of a wireless local area network?

    <p>SSID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having multiple access points in a large enterprise network?

    <p>To allow wireless clients to connect to the network from anywhere in the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a network that involves devices that are not dedicated to specific roles, such as client or server?

    <p>Peer to peer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the distribution layer in a three-tier hierarchical model?

    <p>To provide fault tolerance and connectivity to access layer devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of a three-tier hierarchical model in an enterprise network?

    <p>It provides fault tolerance and scalability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is typically characterized by high-speed connectivity across a campus or multiple buildings?

    <p>Campus Area Network (CAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why speed often decreases in wide area networks?

    <p>It's due to the cost of bandwidth from service providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of topology is characterized by a hub and multiple spokes, with connectivity between the hub and each spoke?

    <p>Hub and Spoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using an SD-WAN solution?

    <p>It simplifies the management of wide area network configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tunnel is often used to protect wide area network connections?

    <p>IPsec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical infrastructure of a wide area network?

    <p>Underlay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the logical configuration of a wide area network?

    <p>Overlay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a full mesh topology in a wide area network?

    <p>It provides full connectivity between all sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a network that covers a geographic area such as a city or metropolitan area?

    <p>Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a controller in an SD-WAN solution?

    <p>It implements the configuration on all devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using an SD-WAN solution?

    <p>It can dynamically roll out configurations and make changes with just a few clicks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a drawback of using an SD-WAN solution?

    <p>It can be a costly solution to implement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Multipoint GRE tunnel interface?

    <p>To dynamically accept incoming requests and verify connections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using a Multipoint GRE tunnel solution?

    <p>It can dynamically build tunnels and connect multiple sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a solution that uses Multipoint GRE tunnels?

    <p>Dynamic Multipoint VPNs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of network being described in the service provider example?

    <p>Service provider network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the service provider network described?

    <p>It has multiple routers with fault tolerance in case of link failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a Multipoint GRE tunnel solution over an SD-WAN solution?

    <p>It is a less expensive solution that can connect multiple sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between an SD-WAN solution and a Multipoint GRE tunnel solution?

    <p>SD-WAN solutions are more expensive, while Multipoint GRE is less expensive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use case for Multipoint GRE tunnel solutions?

    <p>Wide area networking for multiple sites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary information used by a layer 3 router to make a routing decision?

    <p>Destination IP address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of MPLS labels in a service provider's network?

    <p>To forward packets based on labels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to MPLS labels when a packet is forwarded to the next router in the path?

    <p>The label is swapped with a new label</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using MPLS labels in a service provider's network?

    <p>It enables creative routing and traffic engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a layer 3 VPN?

    <p>A group of routes for a specific customer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the MPLS labels when a packet reaches the destination network?

    <p>The labels are removed from the packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of forwarding packets based on MPLS labels?

    <p>Label switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using MPLS in a service provider's network?

    <p>It enables more efficient routing and traffic engineering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the virtual network created using MPLS?

    <p>Overlay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the underlay and the overlay in a network?

    <p>The underlay is a physical network, and the overlay is a virtual network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Network Types

    • Networks can have different purposes, functions, and scopes.
    • A network can be represented by a cloud, which represents a collection of network connectivity without describing the internal details.

    Peer-to-Peer Network

    • A peer-to-peer network is a network where two devices can act as both clients and servers to communicate and share data.
    • Examples: file sharing, music sharing (e.g., Napster).

    Client-Server Network

    • A client-server network is a network where devices have dedicated roles as clients or servers.
    • Clients consume services, while servers provide services.
    • Examples: web services (e.g., HTTPS, DNS), streaming services.

    Personal Area Network (PAN)

    • A PAN is a network that connects devices within a few meters.
    • Examples: Bluetooth, infrared, near-field communications (NFC).

    Enterprise Network

    • A typical enterprise network follows a three-tier architecture, which is designed to provide scalability, reliability, and manageability. This architecture is composed of:

      • Access layer: devices connect to the network (e.g., switches, routers), which are responsible for providing access to the network for end-users and devices. This layer is typically the most dense and closest to the end-users.

      • Distribution layer: aggregates and forwards traffic from the access layer, acting as a "traffic cop" to control the flow of data between the access and core layers. This layer is responsible for routing traffic to the correct parts of the network.

      • Core layer: high-speed connections between distribution layers, which act as a high-bandwidth backbone for the network. This layer is responsible for providing high-speed connectivity between the different parts of the network, allowing for efficient data transfer and communication.

        The core layer primarily involves hardware. This layer is focused on high-speed connectivity and efficient data transfer, which typically requires robust and high-performance networking hardware such as routers, switches, and cables.

    Campus Area Network (CAN)

    • A CAN is a network that spans a campus or multiple buildings.
    • It usually has high-speed connectivity between nodes.

    Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

    • A MAN is a network that covers a city or metropolitan area.
    • It usually has high-speed connectivity between nodes.

    Wide Area Network (WAN)

    • A WAN is a network that connects multiple sites over a large geographic area.
    • It often uses service providers and may have slower speeds due to cost.

    Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN)

    • SD-WAN is a solution that allows for logical configuration of WAN connectivity, enabling organizations to efficiently manage and optimize their wide area network (WAN) connections.

    • It uses a centralized controller to implement configurations on devices, such as routers and switches, without the need for manual configuration at each device.

    • The benefits of SD-WAN include simplified management, as the controller allows administrators to monitor and manage the entire network from a single interface, streamlining the process and increasing productivity.

    • Reduced overhead is another benefit, as SD-WAN can automatically optimize traffic routing and prioritize critical applications, resulting in improved network performance and reduced latency, which is particularly beneficial for organizations with large volumes of data traffic.

    • This centralized approach also enables more effective security and Quality of Service (QoS) management, as the controller can apply policy-based configuration to ensure secure and reliable network operation, protecting sensitive data and applications from unauthorized access or disruption.

      In addition, the centralized controller can also monitor network traffic in real-time, quickly identifying and responding to security threats or performance issues, further reducing the risk of downtime or data breaches.

      Moreover, the SD-WAN solution can be integrated with other network management tools and applications, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and network analytics software, to provide a comprehensive view of the network and improve overall security and performance.

    Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation (mGRE)

    mGRE is a solution for Wide Area Network (WAN) connectivity that allows for dynamic tunnel creation, enabling flexible and scalable network architecture.

    The dynamic tunnel creation feature of mGRE eliminates the need for manual configuration, streamlining the process of establishing connections between multiple sites and a central hub site.

    This enables organizations to easily set up and manage secure, reliable, and high-performance WAN connectivity across their distributed network.

    Moreover, mGRE supports advanced networking protocols and encryption methods, ensuring secure data transmission and minimizing the risk of network breaches.

    mGRE is a software feature used in network devices such as routers and switches. It enables these devices to create flexible and scalable connections across a Wide Area Network (WAN) without needing to manually set up each connection. Think of it like an automatic bridge builder that helps different offices (sites) connect to a central office quickly and securely using software instructions. This makes managing a company's network easier and more secure.

    Service Provider Network

    • A service provider network uses Multiple Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) to forward traffic.

      MPLS uses labels to forward traffic, rather than IP addresses.

      Benefits: flexible routing, improved scalability.

      No, MPLS (Multiple Protocol Label Switching) is not similar to OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) or EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) in nature. OSPF and EIGRP are routing protocols used to determine the best paths for data to travel across a network, whereas MPLS is a technique used to forward traffic more efficiently through a network using labels.

      Key differences:

      1. Purpose:

      • OSPF and EIGRP are used for route determination and path selection within a network. They make dynamic routing decisions and update routing tables based on network topology.

      • MPLS is used for traffic forwarding and switching based on labels rather than traditional IP routing. It can work in conjunction with various routing protocols, including OSPF and EIGRP.

      2. Operation:

      • OSPF uses a link-state routing algorithm to build a complete map of network topology, making route decisions based on shortest path first logic.

      • EIGRP uses distance-vector routing with an advanced algorithm to find the best path based on metrics like bandwidth and delay.

      • MPLS assigns labels to packets, and forwarding decisions are made based on these labels. This reduces the overhead associated with routing lookups and allows for more flexible and scalable network designs.

      3. Benefits:

      • MPLS provides benefits such as flexible routing, improved scalability, and the ability to support multiple types of traffic (e.g., IP, Ethernet, ATM, Frame Relay) efficiently.

      • OSPF and EIGRP help optimize routing paths and ensure efficient data transfer within and between network segments through dynamic route calculation and updates.

      In summary, while OSPF and EIGRP are routing protocols focused on route determination, MPLS is a labeling and forwarding technology aimed at improving traffic efficiency and scalability in service provider and enterprise networks.

    Layer 3 VPNs

    • A Layer 3 VPN is a group of routes that use MPLS labels for forwarding.
    • It enables service providers to offer VPN services to customers.

    Virtualized Networking

    • Virtualized networking allows for creative design of networks using overlays and underlays.
    • Hypervisors and virtualized networking functionality will be discussed in the next video.

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    This quiz covers various network types and their purposes, functions, and scopes. Learn about different networks and their characteristics.

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