Network Types and Models Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of network is specifically designed for close-range communication using technologies like Bluetooth?

  • Campus Area Network (CAN)
  • Personal Area Network (PAN) (correct)
  • Wide Area Network (WAN)
  • Local Area Network (LAN)
  • What is the primary difference between the OSI model and the TCP/IP model?

  • OSI has 4 layers while TCP/IP has 7 layers.
  • OSI model consists of 7 layers while TCP/IP model is simplified to 4 layers. (correct)
  • TCP/IP is only theoretical while OSI is practically used.
  • TCP/IP focuses on data link functions while OSI does not.
  • Which organization is responsible for managing IP addresses?

  • IANA (correct)
  • ITU
  • IEEE
  • ANSI
  • Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for managing the transmission and reception of raw bits over a physical medium?

    <p>Physical Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the difference between hubs and switches in networking?

    <p>Hubs broadcast data to all ports, while switches use MAC addresses to direct data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines 'Fiber Optic' transmission media?

    <p>It is suitable for higher bandwidth and longer distance transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the role of the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer in networking?

    <p>It interfaces with Layer 3 for IP address management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cable categories offers the highest data transfer rate?

    <p>Cat 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Network Layer?

    <p>Determines the path for data using IP addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

    <p>Reliable and connection-oriented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of CIDR notation?

    <p>/16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is responsible for translating human-readable domain names to IP addresses?

    <p>DNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the well-known port range from dynamic/private port range?

    <p>Well-known ports cover 0–1023; dynamic ports range from 49152–65535.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using IPv6 over IPv4?

    <p>IPv6 significantly expands the address space with 128-bit addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in troubleshooting methodology involves gathering information about the problem?

    <p>Identify the Problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network architecture involves a centralized server providing resources to clients?

    <p>Client-Server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Network Types

    • Personal Area Network (PAN): Short-range network for devices close together, often using Bluetooth. Examples include a phone connected to a smartwatch or a wireless headset.
    • Local Area Network (LAN): Connects devices in a small to medium area like a home, office, or building. Uses Ethernet for wired and wireless connections.
    • Campus Area Network (CAN): Covers a larger geographical area, like a university campus or corporate office park.
    • Wide Area Network (WAN): Spans vast distances, connecting cities, countries, or even continents. Utilizes diverse technologies like SONET and Frame Relay.

    OSI vs. TCP/IP Models

    • OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Model: A 7-layer model that defines network communication functions. Each layer has a specific role.
      • Layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
    • TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Model: Simpler 4-layer model commonly used in practical applications.
      • Layers: Network Access, Internet, Transport, Application.

    Standards and Organizations

    • IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority): Manages IP addresses, ensuring unique addresses globally.
    • IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): Sets standards for physical equipment like network cards and defines MAC addresses.
    • ANSI (American National Standards Institute), ITU (International Telecommunication Union), ISO (International Organization for Standardization): Oversee various international and national standards for telecommunications and data communications.

    Physical Layer (Layer 1)

    • Role: Manages the transmission and reception of raw data bits over a physical medium.
    • Transmission Types:
      • Simplex: Data transmission only occurs in one direction (e.g., TV broadcast).
      • Half-Duplex: Data transmission happens in both directions, but only one direction at a time (e.g., walkie-talkie).
      • Full Duplex: Data transmission happens in both directions simultaneously (e.g., phone conversation).
    • Transmission Media:
      • Copper (Twisted Pair): Common for Ethernet, uses UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) or STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) to reduce interference.
      • Fiber Optic: Offers higher bandwidth and longer distances than copper.
      • Wireless (RF, Wi-Fi): Operates over specific frequency bands (e.g., 2.4 GHz for Wi-Fi).

    Connectors and Cables

    • RJ-45: Used for Ethernet connections.
    • RJ-11: Used for telephone connections.
    • Cable Categories:
      • Cat 3 to Cat 8: Different cable categories offer varying speeds and bandwidth, from 10 Mbps (Cat 3) to 40 Gbps (Cat 8).
    • Sublayers:
      • MAC (Media Access Control): Responsible for interfacing with physical hardware, managing data access to the network.
      • LLC (Logical Link Control): Communicates with the Network Layer (Layer 3) for address management and logical data flow control.

    Switching Principles

    • Hubs: Simple devices that broadcast data to all ports. Any data sent to a hub goes to every device connected to it.
    • Switches: Use MAC addresses to direct data to specific devices, reducing collisions and improving network efficiency.

    Data Framing

    • Frame Structure: Data is transmitted within networks in structured frames.
      • Header: Contains information like the source and destination MAC addresses.
      • Trailer: Includes error-checking information to ensure data integrity.
    • Ethernet: A widely used protocol for local area networks.
    • HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control): A robust protocol used in various communication environments.
    • MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching): A protocol that enables high-speed forwarding of data packets over a network using label switching.

    Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

    • Prevents loops in a network by blocking certain paths, ensuring that a single path is used between two points.

    Network Layer (Layer 3)

    • Primary Functions:
      • Determines the path for data to be transmitted using IP addresses.
      • Encapsulates data packets for transmission through the network.
      • Supports IP addressing.

    Network Layer Protocols

    • IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4): Uses a 32-bit addressing scheme. Running out of available addresses with the growth of connected devices.
    • IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6): Uses a 128-bit addressing scheme, significantly expanding the address space.

    Subnetting and Addressing

    • Subnet Mask: Divides an IP address into network and host portions, facilitating efficient network organization and address allocation.
    • CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing): Efficiently manages IP address allocation using a slash notation representing the number of bits in the network mask (e.g., /24 for 255.255.255.0).

    Transport Layer (Layer 4)

    • Major Functions:
      • Manages the reliable transmission of data between devices.
      • Provides segmentation of large data streams into smaller packets for efficient transmission.

    Transport Protocols

    • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): A reliable, connection-oriented protocol that establishes a connection between devices using a 3-way handshake. Ensures data integrity and reliable delivery.
    • UDP (User Datagram Protocol): An unreliable, connectionless protocol known for its speed and efficiency. Ideal for applications where some packet loss is acceptable, like streaming media.

    Ports

    • Port Numbers: Unique numbers used to identify specific applications and services on a host.
      • Example: HTTP uses port 80, HTTPS uses port 443.
    • Port Ranges:
      • Well-known ports (0–1023): Reserved for common services like HTTP, FTP, and DNS.
      • Registered ports (1024–49151): Assigned by IANA for specific applications.
      • Dynamic/Private ports (49152–65535): Not designated for particular services and can be used freely by applications.

    Application Layer (Layer 7)

    • Role: Interacts with network applications to provide network services.
    • Common Protocols:
      • HTTP/HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol/HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure): Used for web traffic. HTTPS offers secure communication with SSL/TLS encryption.
      • DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves human-readable domain names (e.g., google.com) to IP addresses.
      • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.
      • FTP/FTPS/SFTP (File Transfer Protocol/File Transfer Protocol Secure/Secure File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between computers. FTPS and SFTP offer secure file transfer with encryption.

    Network Architectures

    • Client-Server: A centralized architecture where a server provides resources, and clients request these services (e.g., web browsing).
    • Peer-to-Peer (P2P): A decentralized architecture where each device acts as both a client and a server, sharing resources directly with other peers (e.g., file sharing).

    Troubleshooting Methodology

    • Identify the Problem: Gather information, replicate the issue to determine the cause.
    • Establish a Theory: Formulate potential causes and test hypotheses logically.
    • Test the Theory: Run tests to confirm or adjust the theory.
    • Implement Solution: If the theory is confirmed, proceed with the appropriate resolution.

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    Network Systems PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various network types such as PAN, LAN, CAN, and WAN. Additionally, explore the OSI and TCP/IP models to understand their layers and functions in network communication.

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