1.2 – Windows Commands - The Windows Network Command Line

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Questions and Answers

Which command in Windows provides comprehensive network configuration information, including IP addresses, subnet mask, and DNS settings?

  • ipconfig (correct)
  • traceroute
  • ping
  • netstat

Which ipconfig command option provides more detailed network configuration information, including DHCP and DNS server details?

  • /release
  • /all (correct)
  • /renew
  • /displaydns

What does the 'ping' command primarily help determine?

  • Whether a device is reachable on the network and the round-trip time. (correct)
  • The DNS server being used by a device.
  • The applications using network connections.
  • The specific route packets take to a destination.

If a 'ping' to 9.9.9.9 returns a TTL (Time To Live) value, what does this value represent?

<p>The number of hops remaining before the packet is discarded. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the netstat command do?

<p>It shows network statistics, including active connections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To view the programs associated with each network connection using netstat on Windows, what option is required?

<p>-b (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the netstat -n command?

<p>To display network connections as numerical addresses and port numbers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using netstat -b on Windows, what must be done to ensure the command runs correctly?

<p>Run Command Prompt as an administrator. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nslookup command?

<p>To query DNS servers to obtain domain name or IP address mapping. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If nslookup www.example.com returns multiple IP addresses, what does this likely indicate?

<p>The website uses multiple servers to provide redundancy or load balancing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'net' command in Windows is used for what purpose?

<p>Managing network shares, user accounts, and network services. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the net view command do?

<p>It shows shared resources on a specified server. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you want to map a network drive to the letter 'z' pointing to a share named 'Data' on a server named 'Fileserver', which command would you use?

<p>net use z: \Fileserver\Data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The net user command is used for what purpose?

<p>To manage user accounts on a computer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the traceroute command?

<p>To display the path a packet takes to reach a destination. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traceroute utilizes the Time To Live (TTL) field in IP packets. How is this TTL mechanism used to map the network path?

<p>By setting an initially low TTL and incrementing it to elicit 'TTL exceeded' messages from routers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of traceroute, what does a * (asterisk) typically indicate in the output?

<p>A packet loss or a router not responding to the traceroute request. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After running a traceroute, you notice that the path taken to a destination changes on different days. What could this indicate?

<p>Dynamic routing changes in the network infrastructure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What functionality does pathping combine?

<p>ping and traceroute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional information does pathping provide compared to a standard traceroute?

<p>The round-trip time and packet loss at each hop. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 'pathping' reports high packet loss at a specific hop, what does this likely indicate?

<p>There is network congestion or a problem with the specific router. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following commands would display the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all network adapters?

<p>ipconfig (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command would you use to determine if a remote host is reachable and measure the round-trip time?

<p>ping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you suspect a routing problem between your computer and a remote server, which command would you use to trace the route packets take?

<p>traceroute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You need to identify which process is listening on a specific port. Which command would provide this information?

<p>netstat -b (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Windows command-line utility can you use to query DNS servers to find the IP address associated with a domain name?

<p>nslookup (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You want to list all the shares available on a server named 'SERVER1'. Which command would you use?

<p>net view \SERVER1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You've run pathping and noticed high latency on one particular hop. What is the MOST likely cause?

<p>Network congestion or a faulty device at that hop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the parameter used with tracert to prevent name resolution and display only IP addresses?

<p>-d (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command can be used to map a network drive?

<p>net use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You suspect that there are issues with intermediate routers on the path to a destination. Which tool would MOST effectively show packet loss at each hop?

<p>pathping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You need to determine what DNS server your computer is currently using. Which command provides this information?

<p>ipconfig /all (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command can be used to troubleshoot and diagnose network connectivity issues by displaying the route packets take to a destination, along with round-trip times and packet loss at each hop?

<p>pathping (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You want to view all active TCP connections on your Windows machine, including the process ID (PID) associated with each connection. Which command would you use?

<p>netstat -ano (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in troubleshooting network connectivity with command-line tools?

<p>Check IP configuration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective way to determine the path that a network packet will take?

<p>Utilize the Pathping command. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does tracert not always show the intermediate hops along a specified route?

<p>The intermediate hops don't always return the necessary data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Your Windows 10 computer is unable to access the internet. You suspect a DNS issue. What is the next command, from the below list, that you should run?

<p>ipconfig /all (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

ipconfig command

A Windows command that displays detailed IP configuration information, including adapter details and DNS settings.

ping command

A command to test network connectivity by sending echo requests and measuring round-trip times.

Time To Live (TTL)

The number of hops a packet can take before being discarded to prevent infinite loops.

netstat command

A utility that displays active network connections, listening ports, and more.

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netstat -b

Displays the binaries (applications) associated with network connections. Requires administrator privileges.

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netstat -n

Displays network connections as IP addresses and port numbers without resolving names.

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nslookup command

A utility to query Domain Name System (DNS) servers to obtain domain name or IP address mapping information.

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net command

A suite of Windows-specific commands for managing network resources, accounts, and services.

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net view

Command to display a list of shared resources on a specified server.

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net use

Command to connect a network drive to a specified share.

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traceroute (tracert)

A command-line tool to trace the route packets take to a destination, displaying each hop along the path.

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pathping command

A Windows utility that combines ping and traceroute, providing route analysis and latency information at each hop.

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Study Notes

  • Troubleshooting network problems requires understanding device configurations like IP addresses, subnet masks, and DNS settings.

IPconfig

  • Windows command used to display network configuration information.
  • Shows adapter information and IP details for both IPv4 and IPv6.
  • Reveals the DNS server and DHCP server used for IP configuration.
  • Displays hostname, IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for IPv4 and IPv6.
  • Using ipconfig /all provides extensive details, including hostname, proxy, DHCP server, and DNS server information.

Ping

  • Used to test network connectivity between devices.
  • Determines if a device is reachable and measures round-trip time.
  • In Windows, it sends four requests by default, one per second.
  • Output includes replies received, data sent and received, round-trip times, and TTL (Time To Live).
  • TTL indicates the remaining hops for the packet.
  • Statistics summarize packets sent, received, lost, and round-trip time (minimum, maximum, average).

Netstat

  • Displays network statistics and connections on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS.
  • netstat -a lists all active connections, both incoming and outgoing.
  • netstat -b shows the application associated with each connection (requires administrator privileges).
  • netstat -n displays IP addresses instead of resolving names.
  • Output includes protocols, local addresses, foreign addresses, and connection states (e.g., listening, established).

NSlookup

  • Queries DNS servers to resolve fully qualified domain names to IP addresses.
  • Reveals the IP addresses associated with a domain name.
  • Useful for understanding how browsers find IP addresses for web servers.

Net Command

  • A group of Windows-specific commands for managing network resources.
  • Includes commands for managing accounts, computers, configurations, and more.
  • net view displays available shares on a remote server (e.g., net view \\servername).
  • net use maps a drive letter to a network share (e.g., net use w: \\servername\sharename).
  • net user manages user accounts on a device.

Traceroute

  • Determines the route taken by packets to reach a destination.
  • Uses the ICMP protocol and TTL (Time To Live) to identify routers along the path.
  • TTL represents the number of hops, not time in seconds or minutes.
  • Routers decrement TTL; when it reaches zero, an ICMP Time Exceeded message is sent back.
  • Some firewalls may not respond to traceroute requests, resulting in incomplete information.
  • The traceroute process sends messages with increasing TTL values to map the route hop by hop.

Pathping

  • Combines ping and traceroute functionality.
  • First, it performs a traceroute to map the route.
  • Second, it measures round-trip times and packet loss at each hop.
  • Provides a detailed summary of network communication, including hops, round-trip times, and packet loss.
  • Useful for identifying problem areas along the route.

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