99 Questions
What must be available between the access and distribution switches?
links with higher bandwidth
What does link aggregation achieve between switches?
Combines a number of physical links to increase the overall bandwidth between two devices.
What is the default behavior of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on Layer 2 devices like switches?
STP blocks redundant links to prevent routing loops.
What is the default status of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on Layer 2 devices like switches?
Enabled
What solution can be implemented to address the need for combining multiple physical links between switches to increase bandwidth?
Implement EtherChannel
What are two advantages of EtherChannel?
(a) Provides redundancy in case of interface failures by allowing multiple paths between switches, ensuring continuous operation even if one link fails. (b) Increases network security by encrypting data transmission using advanced encryption algorithms to protect data packets from unauthorized access. (c) When configured, physical interfaces are bundled together into a virtual interface called a port channel interface. (d) Enables wireless communication between devices by integrating wireless access points into the network infrastructure, facilitating seamless connectivity. (e) Originally developed by Cisco as an inter-switch technique that groups several Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet ports into one logical channel. (f) When configured, physical interfaces are bundled together into a virtual interface called a port channel interface. Choose two
C, E
What are advantages of EtherChannel?
(a) EtherChannel works with STP. (b) Configuration tasks configured on port channel ensuring configuration consistency throughout the links. (c) Load balancing occurs between EtherChannel bundled links. (d) Uses existing switch ports therefore no need to upgrade links/switch. (e) EtherChannel improves network performance. (f) EtherChannel increases network latency. (g) EtherChannel decreases network security. Choose four
D, A, B, C
What is a restriction when implementing EtherChannel?
Individual EtherChannel group member port configurations do not need to be consistent on both devices.
How many physical ports can be bundled together in an EtherChannel, providing up to 800 Mb/s(Fast EtherChannel) or 8 Gb/s(Gigabit EtherChannel)?
Up to 8 physical ports
How many EtherChannels does a Cisco IOS switch support?
Up to six EtherChannels
What is a requirement for individual EtherChannel group member port configuration, as per the provided information?
The physical ports of one side must be configured consistently with the other side, such as if the physical ports of one side are configured as trunks, the physical ports of the other side must also be configured as trunks within the same native VLAN.
what is a characteristic of EtherChannel interfaces?
Interfaces do not have to be physically contiguous, or on the same module.
Question: Which protocols are primarily used to configure EtherChannels?
Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) and Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
What is Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) primarily used for?
Cisco-proprietary protocol used to negotiate the forming of a channel
What is one of the functions of Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP)?
Sends packets every 30 seconds to check for configuration consistency and manages link additions and failures.
Question: How many modes does Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) support, and what are they?
Three modes: Desirable, Auto, and On
What does the "Desirable" mode of Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) mean?
Ports actively initiate negotiations with other interfaces by sending PAgP packets.
What does the "Auto" mode of Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) mean?
Ports passively negotiate state, but do not initiate PAgP negotiation.
What does the "On" mode of Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) mean?
Ports create a channel member without negotiation.
What compatibility requirement exists between modes in Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP)?
The modes must be the same on each side, such as desirable - desirable or desirable – auto.
What is the outcome when both sides of an EtherChannel are configured with the "auto"(auto-auto) mode in Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP)?
The EtherChannel bundle will not be created.
What is Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) primarily used for?
Negotiating the forming of a channel with non-Cisco switches, following IEEE specification (802.3ad).
What function does Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) perform?
Sending packets every 30 seconds to check for configuration consistency and managing link additions and failures.
How many modes does Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) support, and what are they?
Three modes: Active, Passive, and On
What does the "Active" mode of Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) mean?
Ports actively initiate negotiations with other interfaces by sending LACP packets.
What does the "Passive" mode of Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) mean?
Ports passively negotiate state, but do not initiate LACP negotiation.
What is the purpose of the "On" mode in Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)?
Ports create a channel member without negotiation.
What compatibility requirement exists between modes in Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)?
The modes must be the same on each side, such as active – active or active – passive.
Which combination of modes will not create a bundle in Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)?
Passive - Passive
What is required for EtherChannel support?
Bundle interfaces must support EtherChannel.
What configuration is necessary for EtherChannel regarding speed and duplex?
Configure all bundle interfaces with the same speed and in the same duplex mode.
How should VLANs be configured for EtherChannel?
Assign all bundle interfaces to the same VLAN (unlikely) or configure the bundle as a trunk (most likely).
What is a requirement for forming an EtherChannel with trunking interfaces regarding VLAN range?
A trunking EtherChannel must allow the same VLAN range across all interfaces, as failure to do so prevents the formation of an EtherChannel, even when set to auto or desirable mode.
Which command displays general status information of a port channel in Cisco devices?
show interfaces port-channel
Which command should be used to view the overall status and general information of port channels in Cisco devices?
show etherchannel summary
Which command should be used to obtain information about the role of an interface in an EtherChannel?
show interfaces etherchannel
What configuration consistency is required for all interfaces within an EtherChannel?
All interfaces must have the same configuration of speed and duplex mode, native and allowed VLANs on trunks, and access VLAN on access ports.
What is required regarding dynamic negotiation options for PAgP and LACP in an EtherChannel configuration?
Dynamic negotiation options for PAgP and LACP must be compatibly configured on both ends of the EtherChannel.
What is a recommended procedure when changes are made to a port channel interface in Cisco devices?
It may be useful to disable the port channel interface using the shutdown interface command and then re-enable it using the no shutdown interface command.
What is necessary for EtherChannel and spanning tree to work together?
EtherChannel and spanning tree must interoperate.
What can happen to spanning tree protocol (STP) if changes are made to an existing port channel?
STP errors can occur, leading to network instability.
What action is recommended if spanning tree protocol (STP) errors occur in relation to a port channel?
Delete and recreate the port channel.
In a switched network, what is true regarding default gateways for clients?
Each client receives only one default gateway, and there is no way for using a second gateway, even if a second path exists.
What happens to hosts configured with a default gateway if the router or router interface serving as the default gateway fails?
Hosts with that gateway are isolated from outside networks.
What is needed to provide alternate default gateways in switched networks where two or more routers are connected to the same VLANs?
mechanism
In router redundancy, what do two or more routers share?
Virtual IP address and a MAC address
In router redundancy, how do routers identify themselves?
By identifying an active forwarding router and a redundant standby router
What happens if the active router fails in a router redundancy setup? Choose three
(a) First, the standby router sends a notification to all devices on the network. (b) Second, the standby router assumes the active role. (c) Third, the standby router triggers a reboot process. (d) First, the standby router stops seeing Hello messages from the active router. (e) Third, host devices see no disruption in service.
D, B, E
Which protocol is a legacy First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP) solution specified in RFC 1256?
ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP)
Which First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP) is Cisco-proprietary and provides redundancy for IPv4 hosts?
Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
What is the equivalent of Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) for IPv6, providing the same functionality in an IPv6 environment?
HSRP for IPv6
Which protocol, similar to HSRP, is non-proprietary and serves as a Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol version 2 (VRRPv2)?
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol version 2 (VRRPv2)
Which version of the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) supports both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, operates in multi-vendor environments, and is more scalable than VRRPv2?
VRRPv3
Which Cisco-proprietary First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP), similar to HSRP, provides load balancing between redundant routers?
Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)
Which protocol provides the same functionality as GLBP in an IPv6 environment?
GLBP for IPv6
Routers select the active HSRP router that provides default gateway services to hosts
True
What happens if the active router fails in HSRP?
The standby router automatically takes the active router role without requiring any configuration changes on hosts.
What is the default Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) version for Cisco IOS 15?
Version 1
What improvement does HSRP version 2 offer over version 1 regarding the number of supported groups?
HSRP version 2 expands the number of supported groups from 0 to 255 for HSRPv1 to 0 to 4095 with HSRPv2.
What multicast address does HSRPv1 use, and what multicast address does HSRP version 2 use?
HSRPv1 uses the multicast address 224.0.0.2, and HSRP version 2 uses the multicast address 224.0.0.102(FF02::66 for IPv6) for IPv4.
What additional feature does HSRPv2 offer in terms of authentication?
HSRPv2 adds support for MD5 authentication, which is beyond the scope of this course.
How are the active and standby router roles determined in during the HSRP election?
The router with the highest IPv4 address is elected as the active router.
How can a higher priority(default priority is 100) be assigned to an active router in HSRP?
By using the standby priority interface command
What happens if a higher-priority router comes online in an HSRP group?
An active router will retain the active role even if another router with a higher HSRP priority comes online.
How can you force a new election in an HSRP group?
By using the standby preempt interface command
What are the states that HSRP routers progress through?
Initial, Learn, Listen, Speak, Standby, Active
How do you configure HSRP version 2(HSRPv2) on an interface?
By using the standby version 2 interface command
How do you configure the virtual IP address for an HSRP group on an interface?
By using the standby [group-number] ip-address interface command
How do you configure the priority for the desired active router in an HSRP group?
By using the standby [group-number] priority [priority-value] interface command
How do you configure the active router to preempt the standby router in an HSRP group?
By using the standby [group-number] preempt interface command
How do you verify the HSRP configuration on a router?
By using the show standby command
How do you verify the status of HSRP on a router in a summarized format?
By using the show standby brief command
What is one of the 4 most common cause of HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) failures?
Failing to determine when control of the virtual IP for the group should be handed over to another router.
What is one of the 4 most common cause of HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) failures?
Failure of the standby router to successfully keep track of the active router.
What is one of the 4 most common cause of HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) failures?
Failure of the standby router to successfully keep track of the active router.
What is one of the 4 most common cause of HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) failures?
Failure of the standby router to successfully keep track of the active router.
What is one of the 4 most common cause of HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) failures?
Failing to successfully elect the active router.
Which command can be used to view the exchange of hello packets in the Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) configuration?
debug standby packets
Which command can be used to view HSRP events in a summarized format?
debug standby terse
What could be a potential reason if HSRP routers are not connected to the same network segment(select two)?
VLAN subinterface configuration issue.
Why would a standby router not know when the active router fails in an HSRP configuration?
HSRP routers not configured with IPv4 addresses from the same subnet.
Which common HSRP configuration issue is described below?
HSRP routers are not configured with the same virtual IPv4 address.
What role does the virtual IPv4 address play in an HSRP configuration?
It functions as the default gateway for end devices.
What issue arises if HSRP routers are not configured with the same HSRP group number?
Each router becomes the active role.
What is a common HSRP configuration issue described below?
End devices are not configured with the correct default gateway address.
What is the purpose of EtherChannel in a network setup?
To aggregate multiple switched links together to load balance over redundant paths between two devices.
What requirement must be met for all ports in one EtherChannel?
All ports must have same speed, duplex settings, and VLAN information on all interfaces on the devices at both ends.
In Cisco networking, which statement accurately reflects the configuration of settings in the context of EtherChannel interfaces?
Settings configured in the port channel interface mode are also applied to the individual interfaces in that EtherChannel.
When configuring settings on individual interfaces within an EtherChannel, what outcome should be expected according to the given information?
Settings configured on individual interfaces will not be applied to the EtherChannel or to the other interfaces in the EtherChannel.
What role does PAgP play in Cisco networking?
It is a Cisco-proprietary protocol used for automatic creation of EtherChannel links.
Which protocol is part of an IEEE specification allowing multiple physical ports to be bundled into one logical channel?
LACP
Which statement accurately describes the interaction between PAgP and LACP?
PAgP and LACP do not interoperate and cannot be used together.
Why is the "on" mode repeated in both PAgP and LACP configurations?
It creates an EtherChannel unconditionally.
In the absence of PAgP or LACP configurations, what is the default mode configured for EtherChannel?
None
What purpose do First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRPs) like HSRP, VRRP, and GLBP serve in networking?
They provide alternate default gateways for hosts in redundant router or multilayer switched environments.
Multiple routers share a virtual IP address and MAC address that is used as the default gateway on a client.
True
Why would multiple routers share a virtual IP address and MAC address in a network configuration?
To ensure network connectivity in the event of failure of one device serving as a default gateway for a VLAN or set of VLANs.
hat unique feature does GLBP offer ?
GLBP allows the simultaneous use of multiple gateways and providing automatic failover.
What is the operational mode of routers in HSRP or VRRP configurations?
One router is active or forwarding while others are in standby mode.
Test your knowledge of network infrastructure and devices. Identify the essential component that must be present between access and distribution switches in a network. Learn about the importance of this element in ensuring smooth data transmission.
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