Network Structure and Analysis

• Networks are sets of nodes and ties.
• Nodes are the connected entities within a network.
• Nodes can be persons, computers, or hyperlinks.
• Networks are analyzed by density, hierarchy, multiplicity/complexity, interdependence, and embeddedness.

Density

• Density is measured by the number of connections between actors and can potentially exist between two nodes.
• An actor could know another person, or a computer can connect to another. The potential connection is relevant whether not they connect.

Hierarchy

• Actors in a network can invest in social relations by connecting with diverse, unconnected groups rather than focusing on one group.
• Weak ties result from infrequent and distant relationships within a community.
• Strong ties come from frequent, lasting, and affect-laden relationships.

Multiplicity/Complexity

• Multiplicity/Complexity indicates the degree to which links between actors serve multiple interests in a community.
• Two people link to each other thru various social grounds.

Interdependence

• Interdependence generates benefits for actors and members.
• Cooperation creates social capital for community progress.

Embeddedness

• Embeddedness encompasses the relations within which each person is rooted, including family, friends, and acquaintances.

Globalization

• Globalization describes how trade and technology have increased global interconnectedness and interdependence.
• Globalization is a powerful force affecting societies worldwide.
• It involves capital movement, free flow of goods/services, increased individual mobility, and multinational corporation expansion.

Labor

• Labor refers to mental or physical work, particularly when hard or fatiguing.

Migration

• Migration is a permanent move to a new location
• According to the IOM, migration is the movement of persons or groups from one territory to another to seek temporary or permanent residence.

Types of Migration

• International/External Migration involves a permanent move from one country to another.
• International/External Migration can be voluntary or forced.
• Internal Migration involves a permanent move within the same country
• Internal Migration can be interregional or intraregional.
• Mobility is a generalized term for all types of movements.
• Short-term, repetitive mobility is referred to as circulation.
• Journeying each day to work or school, weekly visits to local shops and annual trips to visit relatives who live in a different state are all examples of mobility.
• Emigration occurs when people leave their own country to live in another.
• From the home country's perspective, people who leave are called emigrants.
• Immigration occurs when people move into a new country to live there.
• From the destination perspective, people who arrive are called immigrants.

Reasons for Migration

• Environmental reasons include natural disasters or environmental degradation.
• Political reasons include conflict, government policies, or persecution.
• Cultural reasons include preservation of indigenous culture.
• Economic reasons include work
• Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) are economic migrants to countries as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Hong Kong, and the USA.
• Poverty, unemployment, and the desire for a better quality of life are major push factors.

Push Factors

• Avoiding natural calamities
• Urge to alleviate poverty

Pull Factors

• Aiming to be in their dream country
• Better opportunity and high wage
• Petitioning of members of the family
• Studying abroad

Effects of Migration

• Migration causes changes in the population.
• It can lead to rising cases of human rights violations.
• It has negative implications for families and communities.
• It helps in the advancement of the economy
• Brain Drain