Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term describes a weakness in a system that could be exploited?
What term describes a weakness in a system that could be exploited?
- Vulnerability (correct)
- Threat
- Mitigation
- Risk
Which of the following is NOT identified as a vector for data loss?
Which of the following is NOT identified as a vector for data loss?
- Improper Access Controls
- Encrypted Devices (correct)
- Removable Media
- Email/Webmail
What is the general term for actions taken to reduce the negative impact of a threat?
What is the general term for actions taken to reduce the negative impact of a threat?
- Mitigation (correct)
- Vulnerability
- Risk
- Threat
Which of the following is a driver for network security?
Which of the following is a driver for network security?
What term best describes the potential for a threat to exploit a vulnerability?
What term best describes the potential for a threat to exploit a vulnerability?
What type of network is typically used in a small office or home setting?
What type of network is typically used in a small office or home setting?
Which of the listed items is considered a measure of inside perimeter security?
Which of the listed items is considered a measure of inside perimeter security?
Which of these is considered a motivation for Hacktivists?
Which of these is considered a motivation for Hacktivists?
Which of these is NOT typically a security measure aimed at the outside perimeter?
Which of these is NOT typically a security measure aimed at the outside perimeter?
What is the term used for individuals who exploit known weaknesses in software or hardware?
What is the term used for individuals who exploit known weaknesses in software or hardware?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a penetration testing tool?
Which of the following is NOT typically considered a penetration testing tool?
Which tool is used to find flaws in a system by sending invalid or unexpected input?
Which tool is used to find flaws in a system by sending invalid or unexpected input?
What term describes intercepting network traffic to gain unauthorized information?
What term describes intercepting network traffic to gain unauthorized information?
Which of these is a type of network attack where the attacker pretends to be someone else?
Which of these is a type of network attack where the attacker pretends to be someone else?
Which of these is NOT a classification of a Trojan Horse?
Which of these is NOT a classification of a Trojan Horse?
Which of these tools would be used to analyze the contents of network communications?
Which of these tools would be used to analyze the contents of network communications?
What is the primary purpose of a 'security software disabler' Trojan?
What is the primary purpose of a 'security software disabler' Trojan?
Which term refers to a type of attack that aims to disrupt access to network resources?
Which term refers to a type of attack that aims to disrupt access to network resources?
What is a 'packet crafting' tool primarily used for?
What is a 'packet crafting' tool primarily used for?
Which attack involves an attacker positioning themselves between two communicating parties?
Which attack involves an attacker positioning themselves between two communicating parties?
The use of fences and gates is classified as an inside perimeter security measure.
The use of fences and gates is classified as an inside perimeter security measure.
A Script Kiddie is a type of modern hacking title that refers to highly skilled hackers with advanced programming and network knowledge.
A Script Kiddie is a type of modern hacking title that refers to highly skilled hackers with advanced programming and network knowledge.
The term 'mitigation' refers to the potential for a threat to exploit a vulnerability.
The term 'mitigation' refers to the potential for a threat to exploit a vulnerability.
Cyber criminals are primarily motivated by their political views and use their hacking skills to promote a specific social agenda.
Cyber criminals are primarily motivated by their political views and use their hacking skills to promote a specific social agenda.
On-premise security officers are part of inside perimeter security.
On-premise security officers are part of inside perimeter security.
Unencrypted digital devices are not considered a vector of data loss.
Unencrypted digital devices are not considered a vector of data loss.
Vulnerability Brokers focus on creating new viruses and worms to distribute to a wide range of systems.
Vulnerability Brokers focus on creating new viruses and worms to distribute to a wide range of systems.
A 'vulnerability' describes an action intended to disrupt the availability of a host or service.
A 'vulnerability' describes an action intended to disrupt the availability of a host or service.
Risk is a measure of the likelihood of a potential threat agent to exploit a mitigation.
Risk is a measure of the likelihood of a potential threat agent to exploit a mitigation.
The term 'threat' refers to a weakness that can be taken advantage of in a system.
The term 'threat' refers to a weakness that can be taken advantage of in a system.
A 'rootkit detector' is primarily used to identify network vulnerabilities.
A 'rootkit detector' is primarily used to identify network vulnerabilities.
Eavesdropping is classified as a type of malware attack.
Eavesdropping is classified as a type of malware attack.
A 'proxy' Trojan horse is primarily used to send spam emails from infected systems.
A 'proxy' Trojan horse is primarily used to send spam emails from infected systems.
Data modification attacks involve an attacker gaining control of a system via exploiting software.
Data modification attacks involve an attacker gaining control of a system via exploiting software.
Using packet sniffers, attackers can manipulate network packets in transit.
Using packet sniffers, attackers can manipulate network packets in transit.
A 'DoS' trojan is designed to disrupt the operations of network services.
A 'DoS' trojan is designed to disrupt the operations of network services.
IP address spoofing is a form of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate application.
IP address spoofing is a form of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate application.
Vulnerability exploitation tools are used to perform forensic analysis of infected systems.
Vulnerability exploitation tools are used to perform forensic analysis of infected systems.
Compromised-key attacks involve an attacker stealing encryption keys, not exploiting software vulnerabilities.
Compromised-key attacks involve an attacker stealing encryption keys, not exploiting software vulnerabilities.
Debuggers are a type of malware used in network attacks.
Debuggers are a type of malware used in network attacks.
Flashcards
Vulnerability
Vulnerability
A weakness in a system, network, or device that can be exploited by an attacker.
Threat
Threat
Any potential danger that could exploit a vulnerability, leading to harm or loss.
Mitigation
Mitigation
A technique, strategy, or action used to address and reduce the impact of a threat.
Risk
Risk
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Vectors of Network Attacks
Vectors of Network Attacks
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Script Kiddies
Script Kiddies
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Vulnerability Brokers
Vulnerability Brokers
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Hacktivists
Hacktivists
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Cyber Criminals
Cyber Criminals
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State-Sponsored Hackers
State-Sponsored Hackers
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Penetration Testing Tools
Penetration Testing Tools
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Exploit
Exploit
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Virus
Virus
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Trojan Horse
Trojan Horse
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Packet Sniffer
Packet Sniffer
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Data Modification
Data Modification
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Denial-of-Service (DoS)
Denial-of-Service (DoS)
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Worm
Worm
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IP Address Spoofing
IP Address Spoofing
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Man-in-the-Middle Attack
Man-in-the-Middle Attack
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Why are networks targets?
Why are networks targets?
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What are the key network security terms?
What are the key network security terms?
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What are the main vectors of data loss?
What are the main vectors of data loss?
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Why do all networks need security?
Why do all networks need security?
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What are the goals of network attackers?
What are the goals of network attackers?
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Security Software Disabler Trojan
Security Software Disabler Trojan
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Study Notes
Modern Network Security Threats
- This chapter outlines modern network security threats
- Course name: CCNA Security v2.0
- Instructor: Dr. Nadhir Ben Halima
Chapter Outline
- Introduction to network security concepts
- Network security threats
- Methods for mitigating threats
- Summary of key concepts
Securing Networks
- Upon section completion:
- Students can describe the current network security landscape
- Students can explain the need for protection of all network types
Current State of Affairs
- Networks are common targets for attacks
- Different locations and countries are affected
Drivers for Network Security
- Common network security terms:
- Threat
- Vulnerability
- Mitigation
- Risk
Vectors of Network Attacks
- External threats attack networks from the outside
- Internal threats attack networks from the inside
- Hosts are often the target
Data Loss
- Vectors of data loss include:
- Email/Webmail
- Unencrypted devices
- Cloud storage devices
- Removable media
- Hard copy
- Improper access control
Network Topology Overview
- Different types of networked systems are common security targets
Campus Area Networks
- AAA Server, ASA Firewall, Layer 2/3 Switches, VPN, IPS, ESA/WSA are components of modern networks
Small Office and Home Office Networks
- A wireless router, layer 2 switch, and client devices are example components
Wide Area Networks
- Components include branch sites, points of presence (POP), VPNs, regional sites, corporate sites, and mobile workers
Data Center Networks
- Outside perimeter security:
- On-premise security officers
- Fences and gates
- Continuous video surveillance
- Security breach alarms
- Inside perimeter security:
- Electronic motion detectors
- Security traps
- Continuous video surveillance
- Biometric access sensors
Network Threats
- Evolution of network security
- Hackers' attack tools
- Different types of malware (viruses, worms, Trojans)
Who is Hacking Our Networks?
- Modern hacking titles include:
- Script Kiddies
- Vulnerability Brokers
- Hacktivists
- Cyber Criminals
- State-Sponsored Hackers
Hacker Tools
- A discussion of the types of tools hackers use.
- Increasing sophistication and technical knowledge required.
Introduction of Attack Tools
- Attack sophistication and technical knowledge needed have increased
Evolution of Security Tools
- Penetration testing tools:
- Password crackers
- Wireless hacking
- Network scanning
- Forensic tools:
- Debuggers
- Hacking operating systems
- Encryption
- Security tools:
- Packet sniffers
- Rootkit detectors
- Vulnerability scanners
- Fuzzers to search for vulnerabilities
Categories of Attack Tools
- Network Hacking Attacks:
- Eavesdropping
- Data modification
- IP address spoofing
- Denial-of-service (DoS)
- Man-in-the-middle
- Compromised-key
- Sniffer
Malware
- Various types of malware
- Virus: specific function on a computer
- Worm: replicates and spreads across a network
- Trojan Horse: disguised as legitimate software or file
Viruses
- Malicious software often harmful
Trojan Horse Classification (Examples)
- Security software disabler
- Remote access
- Data-sending
- Destructive
- Proxy
- FTP
- Denial-of-service (DoS)
Worms
- The initial infection and propagation of a worm illustrates attacks
- Examples like the Code Red worm: highlighted infection spread
Worm Components
- Enabling vulnerability
- Propagation mechanism
- Payload
Other Malware
- Other types of malware are
- Ransomware
- Spyware
- Adware
- Scareware
- Phishing
- Rootkits
Common Network Attacks
- Types of network attacks include:
- SYN floods
- Smurf attacks
- Data modification
- Reconnaissance attacks (initial queries, ping sweeps, port scans, vulnerability scans, exploitation tools)
- Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks (and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks)
Reconnaissance Attacks
- Initial query of a target network
- Ping sweep of the target network
- Port scan of active IP addresses
- Vulnerability scanners
- Exploitation tools
Access Attacks
- Reasons for access attacks:
- Retrieving data
- Gaining access
- Escalating access privileges
- Types of access attacks
- Password attacks
- Port redirection
- Man-in-the-middle attacks
- Buffer overflow attacks
- IP, MAC, DHCP spoofing
Social Engineering Attacks
- Pretexting
- Phishing
- Spearphishing
- Spam
- Tailgating
- Something for Something
Denial of Service Attacks
- The DDoS Attacker technique and effect of denial of service attacks to the client
- Websites and servers experience overload due to pings
- A DoS Attacker overload network servers with requests to block access
DDoS Attacks
- Hacker builds a botnet of infected machines
- Zombies, or compromised computers, are controlled by systems
- Further attacks on more targets infect more zombies
- DDoS attacks carried out when attacks are initiated.
- Emphasis on botnets and zombies as essential components
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