Network Protocols Overview
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What is the primary function of network protocols?

  • They manage user interfaces for network applications.
  • They ensure data security during transmission.
  • They standardize hardware components across networks.
  • They dictate how to format, transmit, and receive data between devices. (correct)
  • How long is an IPv4 address in bits?

  • 64 bits
  • 16 bits
  • 32 bits (correct)
  • 128 bits
  • What type of address format do IPv6 addresses typically use?

  • Hexadecimal format (correct)
  • Binary format
  • Decimal format
  • Octal format
  • What happens when there are four hexadecimal zeros in a row in an IPv6 address?

    <p>They can be abbreviated to a single colon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bit length of an IPv6 address?

    <p>128 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

    <p>To turn an unreliable network into a reliable network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field in the TCP header is responsible for controlling flow to avoid overwhelming the receiving station?

    <p>Window Value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does the Urgent Pointer serve in TCP?

    <p>It designates high-priority data for immediate transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function involves creating a connection with a specific application on a machine?

    <p>Create a connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does TCP ensure error recovery in data transmission?

    <p>By numbering each byte and checking for continuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the multiplexing function of TCP contribute to data transmission?

    <p>It creates separate connections through different port numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function performed by TCP?

    <p>Ensure data encryption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When dissolving a connection, which process does TCP undertake?

    <p>It sends a final acknowledgment packet to the receiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)?

    <p>Error reporting for the Internet Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fields is NOT present in the header of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?

    <p>Session ID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is responsible for translating an IP address into a MAC address?

    <p>ARP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default time limit for the temporary assignment of an IP address by a DHCP server?

    <p>1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is true?

    <p>It issues an IP request when a workstation needs to connect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of UDP does NOT make it suitable for certain network services like DNS?

    <p>It establishes a connection before sending data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the DHCP server select an IP address for assignment?

    <p>From a static table of IP addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of an ICMP message provides additional specific information about the message type?

    <p>Code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does NAT perform in a corporate network?

    <p>It allows a router to represent a local network using a single IP address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?

    <p>It uses tunneling protocols to maintain privacy over public networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a switch function in a switched network?

    <p>It creates temporary connections between devices linked to the switch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to messages sent through a packet-switched network?

    <p>They are divided into packets of fixed or variable size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is an example of a tunneling protocol used for secure connections?

    <p>Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is DHCP involved in a network?

    <p>When negotiating for a renewal of temporary IP assignments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of encryption techniques used by retailers?

    <p>To secure transactions involving private information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to have packet size determined by the governing protocol in data communications?

    <p>To avoid delays similar to needing a reservation at a restaurant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a datagram network?

    <p>Each packet is treated independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the routing table in a datagram network generated?

    <p>It is dynamic and updated periodically based on destination addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of datagram networks compared to circuit-switched networks?

    <p>They allocate resources only when packets are being transferred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information does the header of a packet in a datagram network contain?

    <p>The destination address of the packet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network combines aspects of circuit-switched and datagram networks?

    <p>Virtual-circuit network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what layer is the virtual-circuit network typically implemented?

    <p>Data-link layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical disadvantage of a datagram network?

    <p>There can be greater delays compared to virtual-circuit networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about addressing in a virtual-circuit network is correct?

    <p>It utilizes two types of addressing methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the routing processor in a packet switch?

    <p>To perform functions of the network layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which switching fabric is considered the simplest type?

    <p>Crossbar Switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the output port number indicate in the functions performed by the routing processor?

    <p>The address of the next hop for the packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of the Banyan switch?

    <p>Internal collisions can occur even for different output ports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity is sometimes referred to as table lookup in networking?

    <p>Determining the output port for the packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is typically placed between a Batcher switch and a Banyan switch to prevent collisions?

    <p>Trap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the role of switching fabrics in packet switching?

    <p>They move packets from input queue to output queue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What techniques do sorting switches commonly use to handle packet movement?

    <p>Hardware merging techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Network Protocols

    • Network protocols are rules for data formatting, transmission, and reception by computer network devices.
    • Protocols ensure communication regardless of underlying infrastructure differences.
    • Protocols can be built into software, hardware, or both.

    Internet Protocol (IP)

    • IP provides a connectionless data transfer service.
    • IP datagrams pass through heterogeneous networks.
    • IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long (e.g., 128.156.14.7).
    • IPv4 datagram format includes various fields: version, header length, service type, total length, identification, flags, fragment offset, time to live, protocol, header checksum, source IP address, destination IP address, options, and padding.
    • IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long, offering virtually unlimited addresses (e.g., 6A3E:BA91:7221:0:OIFC:922C:877B:FFEF).

    Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

    • TCP turns unreliable networks into reliable networks by handling lost or duplicate packets.
    • Key functions include creating, releasing connections, flow control, multiplexing, error recovery and establishing priority.
    • TCP datagram format includes source port, destination port, sequence number, acknowledgment number, header length, reserved, flags, window, checksum, urgent pointer, options, and variable-length padding and data.

    Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

    • ICMP helps in reporting errors for IP and is commonly utilized by routers.
    • ICMP messages have three fields: type, code, and the first eight bytes of the IP datagram, causing the ICMP message generation.

    User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

    • UDP is a simple transport protocol with no connection establishment or ordering of data packets.
    • Features include source port, destination port, length, and checksum fields in the header.

    Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

    • ARP translates IP addresses to medium access control (MAC) addresses for local area network delivery.

    Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

    • DHCP handles dynamic IP address assignment to workstations.
    • Two methods for assigning IP addresses: static and dynamic.

    Network Address Translation (NAT)

    • NAT lets a router show a whole local area network to the Internet like a single IP address.
    • The user workstation's IP address is substituted by a global corporate IP address in outgoing packets.

    Tunneling Protocols

    • Tunneling protocols secure connections through public networks.
    • Example: Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).

    Network Switching

    • Switches in networks create temporary connections between nodes.
    • Switches are capable of creating and managing connections.
    • Packet switching networks divide messages into packets.
    • Datagram networks process packets independently.

    Routing Table

    • Routing table in each switch (or packet) is based on destination address information.
    • Routing tables are periodically updated dynamically.

    Virtual-Circuit Networks

    • They combine features of circuit-switched and datagram networks.
    • Virtual-circuit networks use a virtual-circuit identifier (VCI) for data transfer.

    Switch Structure

    • Space-division switching: paths separated spatially; example: crossbar and multistage switches.
    • Time-division switching: uses time-division multiplexing (TDM) inside the switch.
    • Time-space-time (TST) switches combine spatial and time-based optimizations.

    Routing Processor

    • The routing processor performs network-layer functions.
    • Determines the next hop and port number for a packet.
    • Uses a routing table to look up the appropriate path.
    • Switching fabrics handle packet transfer between input and output queues.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts of network protocols, including the Internet Protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Understand how these protocols facilitate data transfer across different networks, ensuring reliable communication. Test your knowledge on IPv4 and IPv6 addressing formats as well as TCP functionalities.

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