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Questions and Answers
A Network Operating System (NOS) allows users to interface with the network in a transparent manner.
A Network Operating System (NOS) allows users to interface with the network in a transparent manner.
True
Full/full duplex mode allows transmission in both directions at the same time between the same two stations.
Full/full duplex mode allows transmission in both directions at the same time between the same two stations.
False
The only service offered by a Network Operating System is file service.
The only service offered by a Network Operating System is file service.
False
A Network Operating System does not assist in network administration functions.
A Network Operating System does not assist in network administration functions.
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A data communications network can include end stations, applications, and a supportive network for data traffic.
A data communications network can include end stations, applications, and a supportive network for data traffic.
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The U.S. postal system exemplifies a peer-to-peer network architecture.
The U.S. postal system exemplifies a peer-to-peer network architecture.
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Client-server architecture requires an effective Network Operating System to manage communication.
Client-server architecture requires an effective Network Operating System to manage communication.
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Peer-to-peer networks do not utilize Network Operating Systems.
Peer-to-peer networks do not utilize Network Operating Systems.
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Networking simplifies the sharing of resources compared to traditional sneaker net methods.
Networking simplifies the sharing of resources compared to traditional sneaker net methods.
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Each Network Interface Card (NIC) has a unique media access control (MAC) address for network identification.
Each Network Interface Card (NIC) has a unique media access control (MAC) address for network identification.
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Network uptime requirements are not a significant consideration when designing a computer network.
Network uptime requirements are not a significant consideration when designing a computer network.
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MAC addresses are sometimes called Ethernet or LAN addresses.
MAC addresses are sometimes called Ethernet or LAN addresses.
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Higher-end applications like medical imaging require updated network designs to function effectively.
Higher-end applications like medical imaging require updated network designs to function effectively.
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The compatibility of a NIC with network types such as Ethernet or token ring is irrelevant for its operation.
The compatibility of a NIC with network types such as Ethernet or token ring is irrelevant for its operation.
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Network operating systems typically provide services such as file sharing and printer management.
Network operating systems typically provide services such as file sharing and printer management.
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A client is a computer that provides resources and services to other computers on a network.
A client is a computer that provides resources and services to other computers on a network.
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The main goals of network design are solely focused on reducing costs.
The main goals of network design are solely focused on reducing costs.
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The network operating system (NOS) is responsible for managing network resources and facilitating communication between clients and servers.
The network operating system (NOS) is responsible for managing network resources and facilitating communication between clients and servers.
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All computers in a network must have a network interface card (NIC) installed to function properly.
All computers in a network must have a network interface card (NIC) installed to function properly.
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A file server stores files and makes them accessible to clients, while a mail server handles email communications.
A file server stores files and makes them accessible to clients, while a mail server handles email communications.
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Peer-to-peer networks have a single server responsible for all resource allocation and network management.
Peer-to-peer networks have a single server responsible for all resource allocation and network management.
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Transmission media in a network can include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and optical fiber.
Transmission media in a network can include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and optical fiber.
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Shared printers are used only by the server and cannot be accessed by client computers.
Shared printers are used only by the server and cannot be accessed by client computers.
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The network operating system does not need to provide security features as all networks are inherently secure.
The network operating system does not need to provide security features as all networks are inherently secure.
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Study Notes
Data Communication Circuits
- Data communication circuits provide a path for transferring digital information between locations.
- A station, or node, is the endpoint where users access the circuit. This includes computers, terminals, workstations, and other digital equipment.
- There are as many types of circuits as there are types of digital equipment.
Introduction
- Data communication circuits use electronic equipment to interconnect digital computer equipment.
- Circuits utilize a variety of physical transmission media, including wireless radio systems.
- These facilities are provided by public telephone networks, public data networks, and private systems.
Two-Station Data Communication Circuit
- A simplified block diagram features digital information source, transmitter, transmission medium, receiver, and digital information destination.
- Transmission can be in one direction, or bidirectional through duplicate circuit components.
Serial and Parallel Data Transmission
- Parallel transmission involves sending multiple bits simultaneously, while serial transmission sends bits one at a time.
- Parallel transmission (figure 16-a) shows multiple bits sent at once from station A to station B.
- Serial transmission (figure 16-b) shows bits sent one at a time using a clock signal from station A to station B.
Circuit Configurations
- Data communication networks are categorized as two-point or multipoint.
- Two-point configurations involve only two locations; multipoint involve three or more locations.
- Each station may have multiple computers, terminals, or workstations.
- Two-point circuits transfer data between two devices or networks (e.g. mainframe/personal computer).
- Multipoint circuits interconnect multiple stations, often connecting one host to multiple personal computers.
Transmission Modes
- Simplex (SX): One-way transmission (e.g., radio broadcasting).
- Half-duplex (HDX): Two-way transmission, but only one direction at a time (e.g., CB radio). Stations must switch between transmitting and receiving.
- Full-duplex (FDX): Two-way simultaneous transmission in both directions at the same time (e.g, telephone conversation). Stations can transmit and receive simultaneously.
Full/Full Duplex
- Full-full duplex is possible only with multipoint circuits.
- The U.S. postal system is an example of this mode where a sender can send a letter and receive another from a different address at the same time.
Data Communication Networks
- A group of networked computers is called a data communication network.
- Networking involves computers sharing resources, such as data and software. This is achieved through a common transmission medium.
Networking Applications
- Examples of networking applications include: Email, file transfer, printing, video imaging. These use computer aided drafting, design, and software development, process and numerical control, personal computers, workstations and terminal support, and live interactive video.
Network Design Considerations
- Networks should consider organizational goals, security, uptime requirements, response time, and resource costs.
Network Components, Functions, and Features
- Networks include stations that send and receive data, applications to process that data, and the network facilities that support communication.
- Key features and components include end stations, applications, networks (which include local, wide, metropolitan and global area networks). These might be supported by local and network operating systems.
Servers
- Servers provide file storage, programs to be run, and the network operating system.
- Different types of servers have specific functions (e.g., file, print, mail, and Web servers).
- File servers store shared files.
Clients
- Clients use network resources and request services from servers.
Transmission Media
- Transmission media include cables (twisted-pair, coaxial), optical fiber, and others used to connect computers within a network. These are also sometimes referred to as transmission channels or lines.
Shared Data
- Shared data is data (files, printer access, programs, e-mail) provided by file servers to clients through the network.
Shared Printers and Other Peripherals
- Shared peripherals (e.g., printers) are hardware resources provided to network users by servers.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
- A NIC is a special expansion card that prepares data to be sent, receives data that is sent to the computer, and controls data flow between the computer and the network.
- Each NIC has a unique MAC address for identification.
- NICs vary in speed, complexity, and cost.
Local Operating System (LOS)
- LOS manages local disc and CD drives for a computer. Examples include MS-DOS, PC-DOS, Unix, Macintosh, OS/2, Windows (3.11, 95, 98, 2000), and Linux.
Network Operating System (NOS)
- NOS is a program on computers that enables computers to communicate over a network and manage resources (files, directories, print, mail, or other communications).
- Examples of NOSs include Unix, Novell, NetWare, AppleShare, Macintosh System 7, IBM LAN Server, Compaq Open VMS, and Microsoft Windows NT Server.
- NOS manages access to servers, network data, and resources like print services.
Network Models
-
Two main network models are: - Client/server: (Dedicated client server) A dedicated computer acts as the server, others are clients who request resources from it.
- Peer-to-peer: All computers share resources, acting as both clients and servers in the network. -
The choice between the models depends on network size and complexity.
Network Topologies
- Topology describes the arrangement of computers and cables in a network.
- Common topologies include star, bus, ring, and mesh.
- Hybrid topologies combine multiple topologies to form more complex structures.
Network Classifications
- Networks are classified by size (LAN, MAN, WAN, GAN) and interconnecting networks (building backbone, campus backbone, enterprise network).
- LANs interconnect computers within a limited area like a department or building.
- WANs connect computers across wider areas, similar to a country or continent.
- GANs connect computers globally.
Alternate Protocol Suites
- Protocol suites (e.g., TCP/IP, Cisco Three-Layer Model) dictate communication rules within networks, defining layers and how data moves between them.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts and functions of Network Operating Systems (NOS). It covers topics such as network architecture, communication modes, and resource sharing. Test your understanding of how NOS facilitates network operations and management.
