Network Layer: Connection Services

Connectionless service = Packets are injected into the network individually and routed independently of each other. Connection-oriented service = A path from the source router to the destination router must be established before any data packets can be sent.

Datagram network = Packets are injected into the network individually and routed independently of each other. Virtual-circuit network = A path from the source router to the destination router must be established before any data packets can be sent.

Distance Vector Routing = Uses sequence numbers to avoid sending packets out a second time Link State Routing = Uses ECHO packets to set distance or cost metric to neighbors Flooding = Has a hop counter to discard packets when it reaches zero

<p>Flooding = Every incoming packet is sent out on every outgoing line except the one it arrived on. Shortest path = The propagation delay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HELLO packet = To discover neighbors and learn their network addresses ECHO packet = To set the distance or cost metric to neighbors Sequence packet = To avoid sending packets out a second time Timestamp packet = To update the routing table</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of hops = The geographic distance in kilometers. The geographic distance in kilometers = The number of routers from the source to the destination. The propagation delay = The router can measure it directly by sending over the line special ECHO packets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ECHO packets = Packets are injected into the network individually and routed independently of each other. Data packets = The router can measure the propagation delay directly by sending over the line these packets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discover neighbors and learn their network addresses = Link State Routing Set the distance or cost metric to each of its neighbors = Distance Vector Routing Update routing table by exchanging information with neighbors = Distance Vector Routing Initialize hop counter to the length of the path from source to destination = Flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duplicate packets in flooding = Initializing hop counter to the length of the path from source to destination Sending packets out a second time = Using sequence numbers in packet headers Discarding packets after a certain number of hops = Decrementing hop counter at each hop Updating routing tables = Exchanging information with neighbors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance Vector Routing = Has a single entry for the entire network Link State Routing = Contains one entry for each router in the network Flooding = Has an entry for each neighbor and its network address</p> Signup and view all the answers