Network Layer - Cisco Introduction to Networks
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Questions and Answers

When a host wants to communicate with a remote host, it must first obtain the MAC address of which device?

  • The default gateway (correct)
  • The DNS server
  • The local router
  • The next host

    • A host can communicate with another host on the same network without needing the router.

    True

    What is the purpose of a default gateway?

    To direct traffic from a local network to remote networks.

    A device on the LAN must have the ____ of the router to send traffic remotely.

    <p>default gateway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Default Gateway = The router that connects a local network to remote networks ARP = Protocol to find the MAC address associated with an IP address Routing Table = A table that lists the routes to various network destinations DHCP = Protocol to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a host obtain the IP address of the default gateway?

    <p>Statically or through DHCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A static route in the routing table is considered a last resort for routing traffic.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command can be used in Windows to display the routing table?

    <p>route print</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of dynamic routing?

    <p>Automatic adjustment of routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The show ip route command only displays static routes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one routing protocol that was mentioned in connection with the show ip route command.

    <p>OSPF or EIGRP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The letter 'C' in the show ip route command stands for a __________ network.

    <p>directly connected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would typically show the routing table?

    <p>show ip route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routes are automatically configured by the system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would you use to view the sources of routes in an IP routing table?

    <p>show ip route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of static routes?

    <p>They are manually configured items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routes can automatically discover remote networks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the routing source letters with their meanings:

    <p>L = Directly connected local interface C = Directly connected network S = Static route D = Dynamic route (EIGRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of networks are static routes typically used?

    <p>Small or non-redundant networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routes maintain up to date information and choose the best path to the __________.

    <p>destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a default route in a routing table?

    <p>To forward all traffic when there is no match in the routing table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A directly connected route is manually configured by a network administrator.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following routing types with their characteristics:

    <p>Static Routes = Manually configured and do not adapt automatically Dynamic Routes = Automatically discover and maintain paths Network Changes = Require manual reconfiguration for static routes Default Routes = Shared among routers using dynamic routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done when changes occur in a network with static routes?

    <p>Manually reconfigure the static routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command would you use on a Cisco router to view the routing table?

    <p>show ip route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic routing protocols can share static default routes with other routers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ are routes that the router does not have a direct connection to and may be learned dynamically.

    <p>Remote routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of route with its description:

    <p>Directly Connected = Automatically added by the router Remote = Learned through dynamic routing protocols or static assignment Default = Used when no match exists in the routing table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When static routes and dynamic routes are used together, which type is usually predominant?

    <p>Dynamic routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a packet arrives at a router with no matching IP address in the routing table?

    <p>It is forwarded using the default route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static routes are added to the routing table automatically by the router.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of routing allows routers to share routing information with each other?

    <p>Dynamic routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the router examine when it receives a packet?

    <p>Destination IPv4 address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The router only forwards packets to its destination if the source IPv4 address matches its routing table.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the default gateway in a network?

    <p>The default gateway routes packets when the destination is not within the local network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the router receives a packet, it encapsulates it into a new Ethernet header and ___.

    <p>trailer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the process when router 1 receives a frame from the host?

    <p>It examines the packet and searches for the best match in its routing table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the router with its function:

    <p>Router 1 = Receives packet from host and examines destination address Router 2 = Next hop for the packet before reaching its destination Default Gateway = Routes packets outside the local network Routing Table = Contains entries for forwarding decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Router 2 directly sends the packet to the final destination without any further routing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify one important piece of information found in a router's routing table.

    <p>Next hop address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the letter 'S' signify in the context of routing tables?

    <p>Static route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IPv4 guarantees packet delivery to its destination.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a default gateway?

    <p>To act as a door to other networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three types of route entries in a routing table are directly connected networks, remote networks, and __________.

    <p>default routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following IP versions with their primary characteristic:

    <p>IPv4 = Ran out of IP addresses IPv6 = Overcomes IPv4 limitations TCP/IP = Connection-oriented protocol UDP = Connectionless protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is IPv6 being used instead of IPv4?

    <p>IPv4 lacks sufficient addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The IPv4 packet header consists of a single field containing the address information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the router use to determine how to forward packets?

    <p>Longer subnet mask or prefix match.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Network Layer

    • This module covers the network layer, module eight of the Cisco introduction to networks lecture series.
    • The network layer is the third layer in the OSI model, between the data link layer and transport layer.
    • Network layer protocols encapsulate transport layer segments (PD), used for communication between hosts.
    • The primary protocols are IPv4 and IPv6, used to allow devices to exchange data.
    • IPv4 and IPv6 differ in their structure and functionalities.
    • The Network layer performs tasks of addressing, encapsulation, routing, and decapsulation.
    • The network layer's role is to forward encapsulated transport layer Protocol Data Units (PDUs) between hosts.
    • IP encapsulates transport layer segments—IPv4 or IPv6 packet format—and the addressing does not change as the packet travels across a network.
    • IP is connectionless, meaning no connection needs to be established before sending a packet.
    • IP is a best effort protocol; it does not guarantee delivery of packets.
    • IP uses a best-effort approach—without any mechanism to resend lost data – and does not expect acknowledgement from the recipient.
    • Packets can travel across any type of data link (copper, wireless, fiber optic).

    IPv4 Packets

    • The IP version 4 packet header has several characteristics, typically read from left to right in four-byte chunks.
    • The most important fields are the source and destination addresses.
    • Other fields include Version, Internet Header Length (IHL), Type of Service (ToS), total length, identification, flags, fragment offset, time to live (TTL), protocol, header checksum, source IP address, destination IP address, and options.

    IPv6 Packets

    • IPv6 has a simplified header compared to IPv4, with a fixed length of 40 bytes.
    • IPv6 packets do not fragment the packets, reducing network latency.
    • It eliminates the reliance on the Network Address Translation (NAT) protocol, greatly reducing network complexity.
    • Increased addressing space compared to IPv4, enabling more devices to connect to the Internet.

    Routing

    • Routers forward packets across networks.
    • Routers maintain routing tables.
    • Types of routes in a table: directly connected, remote, and default.
    • Static routing involves manually configuring routes, while dynamic routing automatically discovers and updates routes across networks.

    Host Routing

    • Hosts also maintain routing tables.
    • Hosts determine whether the destination is on the same Local Area Network (LAN) or a different network.
    • Hosts use the default gateway for external routing.

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    Related Documents

    Network Layer Characteristics (Module 8) - PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the network layer, the third layer in the OSI model, as covered in module eight of the Cisco introduction to networks series. This quiz delves into network layer protocols such as IPv4 and IPv6, addressing, encapsulation, and routing. Test your knowledge on the essential functions and characteristics that facilitate data exchange between hosts.

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