Network Layer Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of IP in relation to the physical layer?

  • It is dependent on the media type
  • It can only be sent over copper
  • It requires a specific frame type at the data link layer
  • It is independent of the media type (correct)

    • What is the main purpose of the IPv4 header?

  • To ensure packet fragmentation
  • To establish the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
  • To ensure packets are sent in the correct direction (correct)
  • To provide routing information

    • What happens to IPv4 packets when the MTU size is smaller than the packet size?

  • The packet is sent as is
  • The packet is routed through a different path
  • The packet is fragmented (correct)
  • The packet is discarded

    • What is a disadvantage of packet fragmentation?

    <p>Increased latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary communication protocol for the network layer?

    <p>IPv4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)?

    <p>To determine the maximum packet size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic considered by the network layer when transmitting packets?

    <p>Maximum transmission unit (MTU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does IPv6 differ from IPv4 in terms of packet fragmentation?

    <p>IPv6 never fragments packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Network Layer?

    <p>To provide services for exchanging data between devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does IP encapsulation do to the transport layer segment?

    <p>It encapsulates the transport layer segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the IP protocol?

    <p>To deliver a packet from a source to a destination over an interconnected system of networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the IP addressing when a packet traverses a network?

    <p>It remains the same from source to destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the IP protocol?

    <p>It was designed with low overhead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of routing protocols such as OSPF?

    <p>To perform routing between devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the IP packet when it traverses the network?

    <p>It is examined by all layer 3 devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of TCP at Layer 4?

    <p>To track and manage the flow of packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Connectionless IP?

    <p>It does not establish a connection with the destination before sending the packet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of another protocol in Connectionless IP?

    <p>To handle connection-oriented traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by Best Effort in IP?

    <p>IP does not guarantee delivery of the packet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of IP as an unreliable network layer protocol?

    <p>It cannot manage or fix undelivered or corrupt packets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does IP have reduced overhead?

    <p>Because there is no mechanism to resend data that is not received.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does IP not expect from the recipient?

    <p>Acknowledgments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of IP being connectionless?

    <p>The destination will receive the packet when it arrives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of other protocols in ensuring packet delivery?

    <p>They track packets and ensure their delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the header in an IPv4 packet?

    <p>To provide information to all Layer 3 devices that handle the packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format of the IPv4 packet header?

    <p>Binary, with fields examined by the Layer 3 process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fields is NOT a significant field in the IPv4 header?

    <p>Packet Length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Time to Live (TTL) field in the IPv4 header?

    <p>To determine the packet's Layer 3 hop count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major limitation of IPv4 that has led to the development of private addressing and NAT?

    <p>Lack of end-to-end connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) field in the IPv4 header?

    <p>To determine the packet's priority for QoS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using IPv6 over IPv4?

    <p>Larger address space to address IPv4 address depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bits are used to specify the source and destination IP addresses in an IPv4 packet?

    <p>32 bits each</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Flow Label field in an IPv6 packet?

    <p>To identify packets belonging to the same flow for identical handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Next Header field in an IPv6 packet?

    <p>To identify the next level protocol, such as ICMP, TCP, or UDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Hop Limit field in an IPv6 packet?

    <p>To specify the maximum number of hops a packet can traverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of IPv6 extension headers?

    <p>They are optional and placed between the IPv6 header and payload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the source and destination IPv6 addresses?

    <p>128 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between IPv4 and IPv6 packet fragmentation?

    <p>IPv4 routers fragment packets, while IPv6 routers do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Payload Length field in an IPv6 packet?

    <p>To specify the length of the payload in the packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hosts create routing tables in IPv6?

    <p>By creating their own routing tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IP Overview

    • IP operates independently of the data link layer frame types and physical layer media.
    • Capable of being transmitted over various media types: copper, fiber, and wireless.
    • Considered an unreliable protocol, lacking mechanisms for packet recovery in case of undelivered or corrupt data.

    Network Layer Characteristics

    • The Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is established by the network layer, based on control information from the data link layer.
    • MTU defines the largest packet size that can be processed, impacting fragmentation.
    • Fragmentation occurs when IPv4 packets are split into smaller units, which can introduce latency.
    • IPv6 lacks packet fragmentation, streamlining transmission processes.

    IPv4 Packet Structure

    • IPv4 is the primary communication protocol at the network layer with a low overhead design.
    • The IPv4 header includes key information for directing packets to their destinations and facilitating network layer processing.
    • Notably connectionless, IP does not establish connections before packet transmission.

    Characteristics of IP Protocol

    • Connectionless nature eliminates the need for acknowledgment and synchronization.
    • No guarantees for packet delivery; any lost packets aren't tracked or retransmitted.
    • Unreliable aspects necessitate the use of additional protocols, generally TCP at the transport layer.

    IP Encapsulation

    • IP encapsulates transport layer data segments, allowing for the seamless use of IPv4 or IPv6 without affecting the segment.
    • The IP packet remains unchanged as it traverses the network, except when altered by Network Address Translation (NAT).

    Limitations of IPv4

    • IPv4 faces significant limitations, including address depletion and reduced end-to-end connectivity due to the reliance on private addressing and NAT.
    • Some fields like flags and header checksums were discarded in performance improvements.

    IPv6 Packet Characteristics

    • IPv6 introduces a new header structure, with expanded fields such as Traffic Class (for Quality of Service) and Flow Label for managing packets with the same flow requirements.
    • IPv6 packets can include optional extension headers, which offer additional functionality like fragmentation and security.
    • Routers do not perform fragmentation on IPv6 packets, unlike their IPv4 counterparts.

    Host Routing Behavior

    • Each host device maintains its own routing table for directing packets.
    • Hosts create packets at the source, facilitating efficient routing decisions based on destination addresses.

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    Related Documents

    Lec10_Network layer.pptx

    Description

    Test your understanding of the network layer, including its services, IP versions, and protocols such as OSPF and ICMP. Learn about addressing, encapsulation, routing, and de-encapsulation.

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