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Questions and Answers
What is the main characteristic of a bus topology in a network?
A single cable connects all devices in a linear sequence.
What is the primary function of the Network Layer (Layer 3) in the OSI model?
Rout[ing] data between networks.
What is the purpose of a repeater in a network?
To amplify weak signals to extend network coverage.
What is the key difference between a hub and a switch in a network?
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What is the primary function of the Transport Layer (Layer 4) in the OSI model?
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What is the primary function of a switch in a network?
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What type of switch allows configuration of VLANs, QoS, and security features?
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What is the advantage of using Cut-Through Switching mode?
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What is the main advantage of using a switch in a network?
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What is the disadvantage of using a single switch in a network?
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What type of switch provides power to connected devices over Ethernet cables?
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What is the main difference between Store-and-Forward Switching and Cut-Through Switching?
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What is the purpose of a switch learning the MAC addresses of connected devices?
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What is the advantage of using Fragment-Free Switching mode?
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Study Notes
Network Topologies
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Physical Topologies:
- Bus: A single cable connects all devices in a linear sequence.
- Star: All devices connect to a central device (hub/switch).
- Ring: Devices connect in a circular configuration.
- Mesh: Each device connects to every other device.
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Logical Topologies:
- Broadcast: All devices receive all messages.
- Point-to-Point: Direct connection between two devices.
OSI Layers
- Layer 7: Application: Supports functions such as email and file transfer.
- Layer 6: Presentation: Converts data into a format for transmission.
- Layer 5: Session: Establishes, manages, and terminates connections.
- Layer 4: Transport: Provides error-free transfer of data.
- Layer 3: Network: Routes data between networks.
- Layer 2: Data Link: Ensures error-free transfer of data frames.
- Layer 1: Physical: Defines physical means of data transmission.
Network Components
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Hub:
- A simple network device that connects multiple devices.
- Broadcasts incoming data to all connected devices.
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Switch:
- A network device that connects multiple devices.
- Intelligently forwards data to the intended device.
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Router:
- Connects multiple networks and routes data between them.
- Uses IP addresses to determine the destination network.
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Repeater:
- Amplifies weak signals to extend network coverage.
- Used to connect two segments of a network.
Network Topologies
-
Physical Topologies:
- Bus: A single cable connects all devices in a linear sequence, making it a simple and cost-effective topology.
- Star: All devices connect to a central device (hub/switch), allowing for easy addition or removal of devices.
- Ring: Devices connect in a circular configuration, providing high-speed data transfer but vulnerable to single point of failure.
- Mesh: Each device connects to every other device, providing maximum redundancy and reliability.
Network Topologies
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Logical Topologies:
- Broadcast: All devices receive all messages, making it a simple and efficient topology.
- Point-to-Point: Direct connection between two devices, ensuring dedicated bandwidth and reducing latency.
OSI Layers
- Layer 7: Application: Supports functions such as email, file transfer, and web browsing, providing services to end-user applications.
- Layer 6: Presentation: Converts data into a format for transmission, such as encryption and compression, ensuring data integrity.
- Layer 5: Session: Establishes, manages, and terminates connections between applications, controlling dialogue between devices.
- Layer 4: Transport: Provides error-free transfer of data, ensuring reliable communication between devices.
- Layer 3: Network: Routes data between networks, determining the best path for packet transmission.
- Layer 2: Data Link: Ensures error-free transfer of data frames, providing flow control and error detection.
- Layer 1: Physical: Defines physical means of data transmission, such as cable specifications and wireless transmission.
Network Components
- Hub: A simple network device that connects multiple devices, broadcasting incoming data to all connected devices, but lacking intelligence.
- Switch: A network device that connects multiple devices, intelligently forwarding data to the intended device, reducing network congestion.
- Router: A device that connects multiple networks and routes data between them, using IP addresses to determine the destination network.
- Repeater: A device that amplifies weak signals to extend network coverage, used to connect two segments of a network, but not a routing device.
Switches
- A switch connects multiple devices in a network, enabling communication between them.
Functions
- Receives incoming data packets and directs them to the intended recipient based on the destination MAC address.
- Examines incoming packets, forwards them to the correct port, and prevents data collisions by ensuring only one device can transmit at a time.
- Learns and stores MAC addresses of connected devices in a table.
Types of Switches
- Unmanaged Switches: Basic switches with no configuration options, used for simple network extensions.
- Managed Switches: Allow configuration of VLANs, QoS, and security features.
- PoE (Power over Ethernet) Switches: Provide power to connected devices over Ethernet cables.
Switching Modes
- Cut-Through Switching: Forwards packets as soon as the destination MAC address is received.
- Store-and-Forward Switching: Stores the entire packet before forwarding it to the destination.
- Fragment-Free Switching: Stores the packet until the collision window is clear, then forwards it.
Advantages and Disadvantages
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Advantages:
- Improves network efficiency by reducing collisions and increasing bandwidth.
- Allows for easy network expansion and scalability.
- Supports VLANs and QoS for better network management.
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Disadvantages:
- Can be a single point of failure if not redundant.
- Can be vulnerable to security threats if not properly configured.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of network topologies and OSI layers. Learn about physical and logical topologies, and the role of the application layer.
