Podcast
Questions and Answers
Modern networking trends place an increasing burden on system and networking ______.
Modern networking trends place an increasing burden on system and networking ______.
administrators
The increase in capacity of network transmission technologies has been matched by an increase in the performance of network ______.
The increase in capacity of network transmission technologies has been matched by an increase in the performance of network ______.
devices
The volume and variety of network traffic are generated by sources such as big data, cloud computing, IoT, and ______.
The volume and variety of network traffic are generated by sources such as big data, cloud computing, IoT, and ______.
mobile traffic
To respond to differing levels of QoS, network traffic has grown more complex and difficult to ______.
To respond to differing levels of QoS, network traffic has grown more complex and difficult to ______.
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Year by year, network devices have larger, faster memories, enabling greater buffer capacity and faster buffer ______.
Year by year, network devices have larger, faster memories, enabling greater buffer capacity and faster buffer ______.
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Increasing ______ and complex traffic patterns are driving network providers to reevaluate traditional approaches.
Increasing ______ and complex traffic patterns are driving network providers to reevaluate traditional approaches.
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The networking landscape is evolving with an increase in user ______ and service delivery expectations.
The networking landscape is evolving with an increase in user ______ and service delivery expectations.
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Intrusion detection system/intrusion prevention systems (IDS/IPS) are examples of network ______ that have improved over time.
Intrusion detection system/intrusion prevention systems (IDS/IPS) are examples of network ______ that have improved over time.
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SDN offers a centralized, programmable network that consists of an SDN ______, southbound APIs, and northbound APIs.
SDN offers a centralized, programmable network that consists of an SDN ______, southbound APIs, and northbound APIs.
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Traditionally, the two key functions of a router are ______ and routing.
Traditionally, the two key functions of a router are ______ and routing.
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The SDN approach splits the two functions between a ______ plane and a control plane.
The SDN approach splits the two functions between a ______ plane and a control plane.
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Before SDN, the data and control planes essentially functioned as ______.
Before SDN, the data and control planes essentially functioned as ______.
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In traditional networks, routing determines the ______ taken by packets from source to destination.
In traditional networks, routing determines the ______ taken by packets from source to destination.
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Traditional network architectures often face issues such as static, complex architecture leading to ______.
Traditional network architectures often face issues such as static, complex architecture leading to ______.
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SDN uses networking software (controller) to ______ the network.
SDN uses networking software (controller) to ______ the network.
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The decisions of what to do with the data are made on the ______ plane.
The decisions of what to do with the data are made on the ______ plane.
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Inconsistent policies necessitate configuration changes to ______ devices and mechanisms.
Inconsistent policies necessitate configuration changes to ______ devices and mechanisms.
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The inability to ______ leads to challenges as demands on networks grow both in volume and variety.
The inability to ______ leads to challenges as demands on networks grow both in volume and variety.
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SDN added new features and ______ to network devices.
SDN added new features and ______ to network devices.
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Vendor dependence arises from a lack of open ______ for network functions.
Vendor dependence arises from a lack of open ______ for network functions.
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Two key technologies being deployed for adaptability and scalability are ______ and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV).
Two key technologies being deployed for adaptability and scalability are ______ and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV).
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SDN enables designers to program the forwarding decisions in routers and switches via ______.
SDN enables designers to program the forwarding decisions in routers and switches via ______.
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SDN provides greater ______ for developers and network managers over network equipment.
SDN provides greater ______ for developers and network managers over network equipment.
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Traditional networking requires configuring each device ______, unlike SDN.
Traditional networking requires configuring each device ______, unlike SDN.
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The switches constitute the data plane and perform only data ______.
The switches constitute the data plane and perform only data ______.
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The ______ plane provides the intelligence in designing routes.
The ______ plane provides the intelligence in designing routes.
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Communication between the controller and the switches uses a ______ protocol.
Communication between the controller and the switches uses a ______ protocol.
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The data plane consists of physical switches and ______ switches.
The data plane consists of physical switches and ______ switches.
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Each switch must implement a model of packet forwarding that is uniform and open to the SDN ______.
Each switch must implement a model of packet forwarding that is uniform and open to the SDN ______.
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The most prominent example of an open API is ______.
The most prominent example of an open API is ______.
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SDN controllers can be implemented directly on a ______ or on a virtual server.
SDN controllers can be implemented directly on a ______ or on a virtual server.
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Controllers use information about capacity and demand obtained from the networking ______.
Controllers use information about capacity and demand obtained from the networking ______.
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SDN controllers expose northbound ______, allowing developers to deploy network applications.
SDN controllers expose northbound ______, allowing developers to deploy network applications.
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Off-the-shelf software solutions are ready-made and can be used by anyone who ______ them.
Off-the-shelf software solutions are ready-made and can be used by anyone who ______ them.
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A number of vendors offer a Representational State ______ (REST) for application program management.
A number of vendors offer a Representational State ______ (REST) for application program management.
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Horizontal APIs, referred to as ______, would enable communication among groups of controllers.
Horizontal APIs, referred to as ______, would enable communication among groups of controllers.
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At the application plane are various applications that interact with ______ controllers.
At the application plane are various applications that interact with ______ controllers.
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Applications convey their requirements to the SDN controller via a northbound ______.
Applications convey their requirements to the SDN controller via a northbound ______.
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The control plane is separated from the data ______ in Software-Defined Networking.
The control plane is separated from the data ______ in Software-Defined Networking.
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Examples of SDN applications include energy-efficient networking, security ______, and access control.
Examples of SDN applications include energy-efficient networking, security ______, and access control.
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Study Notes
Evolving Network Requirements
- Modern networks are facing increasing demands from big data, cloud computing, IoT devices and mobile traffic.
- Network capacity is increasing due to improvements in hardware (larger memories, faster processors).
- Traffic patterns are becoming complex with different quality of service (QoS) requirements.
Traditional Network Architectures
- Traditional networks face challenges due to:
- Static, complex architectures: Difficulty in adjusting to changing demands.
- Inconsistent policies: Network-wide security policies are difficult to implement.
- Inability to scale: Networks struggle to handle rapid growth.
- Vendor dependence: Limitations imposed by closed interfaces.
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
- SDN provides a centralized, programmable network architecture.
- SDN offers more control over network equipment.
- Key Components:
- SDN Controllers: Centralized network management.
- Southbound APIs: Convey information to switches and routers.
- Northbound APIs: Communicate with applications and services.
SDN Functionality
- SDN separates Control and Data Planes.
- Control Plane: Responsible for routing and traffic prioritization.
- Data Plane: Forwards data based on control plane policies.
SDN Data Plane
- Switches (physical or virtual) handle the forwarding of packets.
- Standardized protocols facilitate communication between the controller and switches.
SDN Control Plane
- Controls network devices through software.
- Centralized management allows for dynamic configuration and processing of data.
SDN Architecture
- Consists of Application Plane, Control Plane, Data Plane and Southbound and Northbound APIs.
- The data plane consists of physical and virtual switches responsible for packet forwarding.
- Southbound API defines a model or abstraction for packet forwarding.
Southbound API
- Provides a standardized interface (OpenFlow protocol) for communication between the control and data planes.
Northbound APIs
- Allow developers to build and deploy network applications.
- These APIs provide mechanisms for accessing and controlling network resources.
East/Westbound APIs
- Designed for communication and synchronization between controller groups for high availability.
Application Plane
- Houses SDN applications that interact with the controller via northbound APIs.
- Examples of applications:
- Energy-efficient networking
- Security monitoring
- Access control
- Network management
Characteristics of Software-Defined Networking
- Separation of control plane and data plane.
- Network devices become simple packet-forwarding devices.
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Description
Explore modern network requirements and the transition to Software Defined Networking (SDN). This quiz covers the challenges of traditional architectures and the advantages of SDN in managing complex traffic patterns and enhancing scalability. Test your understanding of these crucial networking concepts.
