Network Architecture and SDN

Modern networking trends place an increasing burden on system and networking ______.

The increase in capacity of network transmission technologies has been matched by an increase in the performance of network ______.

The volume and variety of network traffic are generated by sources such as big data, cloud computing, IoT, and ______.

To respond to differing levels of QoS, network traffic has grown more complex and difficult to ______.

Year by year, network devices have larger, faster memories, enabling greater buffer capacity and faster buffer ______.

Increasing ______ and complex traffic patterns are driving network providers to reevaluate traditional approaches.

The networking landscape is evolving with an increase in user ______ and service delivery expectations.

Intrusion detection system/intrusion prevention systems (IDS/IPS) are examples of network ______ that have improved over time.

SDN offers a centralized, programmable network that consists of an SDN ______, southbound APIs, and northbound APIs.

Traditionally, the two key functions of a router are ______ and routing.

The SDN approach splits the two functions between a ______ plane and a control plane.

Before SDN, the data and control planes essentially functioned as ______.

In traditional networks, routing determines the ______ taken by packets from source to destination.

Traditional network architectures often face issues such as static, complex architecture leading to ______.

SDN uses networking software (controller) to ______ the network.

The decisions of what to do with the data are made on the ______ plane.

Inconsistent policies necessitate configuration changes to ______ devices and mechanisms.

The inability to ______ leads to challenges as demands on networks grow both in volume and variety.

SDN added new features and ______ to network devices.

Vendor dependence arises from a lack of open ______ for network functions.

Two key technologies being deployed for adaptability and scalability are ______ and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV).

SDN enables designers to program the forwarding decisions in routers and switches via ______.

SDN provides greater ______ for developers and network managers over network equipment.

Traditional networking requires configuring each device ______, unlike SDN.

The switches constitute the data plane and perform only data ______.

The ______ plane provides the intelligence in designing routes.

Communication between the controller and the switches uses a ______ protocol.

The data plane consists of physical switches and ______ switches.

Each switch must implement a model of packet forwarding that is uniform and open to the SDN ______.

The most prominent example of an open API is ______.

SDN controllers can be implemented directly on a ______ or on a virtual server.

Controllers use information about capacity and demand obtained from the networking ______.

SDN controllers expose northbound ______, allowing developers to deploy network applications.

Off-the-shelf software solutions are ready-made and can be used by anyone who ______ them.

A number of vendors offer a Representational State ______ (REST) for application program management.

Horizontal APIs, referred to as ______, would enable communication among groups of controllers.

At the application plane are various applications that interact with ______ controllers.

Applications convey their requirements to the SDN controller via a northbound ______.

The control plane is separated from the data ______ in Software-Defined Networking.

Examples of SDN applications include energy-efficient networking, security ______, and access control.