Module 2

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of devices at the Physical Layer?

Forward frames and datagrams (correct)

Provide network addressing

Route packets between networks

Implement transport layer protocols

At which layer do routers and switches primarily operate?

Lower layers of the protocol stack (correct)

Transport layer

Application layer

Network layer

What is the term for the protocol data unit at the Network layer?

Segment

Message

Packet (correct)

Frame

What is the term for the protocol data unit at the Link layer?

Frame Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is responsible for providing network addressing?

Network layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the protocol data unit at the Transport layer?

Segment Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the source application in the communication process?

Generating messages Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the protocol data unit at the Application layer?

Message Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Network Layer in the OSI Architecture?

Routing of packets across a network Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Transport Layer in the OSI Architecture?

Providing end-to-end connections between hosts Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of adding protocol information to data as it is passed down through the OSI or TCP/IP layers?

Encapsulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Data Link Layer in the OSI Architecture?

Handling the errors that result from the physical transmission media Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Session Layer in the OSI Architecture?

Common functions include establishment, maintenance, and termination Signup and view all the answers

What is the protocol suite used to form the set of communication protocols used on the Internet?

TCP/IP Suite Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of removing protocol information from data as it is received by the destination device?

Decapsulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer that contains protocols that users need to be able to communicate over a network?

Application Layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the OSI Architecture?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer that establishes data formatting, data compression, and data encryption?

Presentation Layer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Network Protocol and Layered Network Architecture

Network protocols govern all communication activities on the Internet, defining the format, order of messages, and actions taken on message transmission and receipt.
Layered network architecture uses a layered approach to process data, providing modularity to manage complex systems and allowing changes to implementation without affecting other components.

OSI Architecture

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnect, providing a detailed set of standards for describing a network and a framework for developing network protocol standards.
OSI defines and codifies the concept of layered network architecture.

7 Layers of the OSI Architecture

Layer 7: Application Layer contains protocols for user communication over a network.
Layer 6: Presentation Layer establishes data formatting, compression, and encryption.
Layer 5: Session Layer manages establishment, maintenance, and termination of connections.
Layer 4: Transport Layer is responsible for end-to-end connections between hosts.
Layer 3: Network Layer provides routing of packets across a network.
Layer 2: Data Link Layer handles errors resulting from physical transmission media.
Layer 1: Physical Layer transmits bit patterns over a communications channel.

TCP/IP Suite

TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, providing a framework for the set of communication protocols used on the Internet.

4 Layers of the TCP/IP Suite

Layer 4: Application Layer provides process-to-process data exchange.
Layer 3: Transport Layer handles host-to-host communication.
Layer 2: Internet Layer provides internetworking between independent networks.
Layer 1: Network Interface Layer contains communication methods for data.

Encapsulation and Decapsulation

Encapsulation packs data into a suitable form for transmission over the network by adding protocol information (headers and trailers).
Decapsulation reverses the process, removing protocol information so that the original data can be read by the destination device.

Data Flow and Protocol Stack

As data flows down the protocol stack, headers are added to create data units (segment, datagram, frame).
As data flows across and up the protocol stack, headers are read, acted upon, and removed (decapsulation).
The Physical Layer (switches and routers) only implements the lower layers of the protocol stack, forwarding frames and datagrams.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of network protocols and layered network architecture, including data processing and modularity. It's essential for understanding how the Internet works.