Nervous Tissue Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of nervous tissue in embryonic development?

  • Mesoderm
  • Notochord
  • Ectoderm (correct)
  • Endoderm

    • Which of the following statements about neurons is true?

  • Neurons have long axons and dendrites. (correct)
  • Neurons primarily secrete hormones.
  • Neurons are very small and non-excitable.
  • Neurons lack axons.

    • What role does the notochord play in nervous system development?

  • It creates the epithelial layer of the skin.
  • It serves as the primary signaling structure for muscle development.
  • It induces the differentiation of ectoderm into the neural plate. (correct)
  • It becomes part of the peripheral nervous system.

    • What percentage of tumors does epithelium account for?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for the transmission, reception, and integration of electrical impulses?

    <p>Nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nervous system?

    <p>Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the characteristics of neurons?

    <p>Irritability allows neurons to react to physical and chemical stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What comprises the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glial cells are responsible for producing myelin in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

    <p>Schwann Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving signals?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'perikaryon' refer to in a neuron?

    <p>The cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the role of microglial cells?

    <p>They act as immune cells in the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Sympathetic prepares the body for action, while parasympathetic promotes vegetative functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Nissl bodies in neurons?

    <p>Synthesizing neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is characterized by having one axon and one dendrite?

    <p>Bipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do astrocytes play in the central nervous system?

    <p>Support neurons and form the blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a unipolar neuron during embryogenesis?

    <p>Has one axon only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neuron type carries impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is responsible for lining the cavities of the brain and producing cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>Ependymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the neuron is known to lack rough endoplasmic reticulum and Nissl substance?

    <p>Axon hillock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells are classified as microglia?

    <p>Phagocytic cells in the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is most likely to cross the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>An antidepressant medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do oligodendrocytes serve in the central nervous system?

    <p>Produce myelin sheath around nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes myelinated nerve fibers from unmyelinated nerve fibers?

    <p>Myelinated nerve fibers contain nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Classifying synapses by nature, which would be categorized as a chemical synapse?

    <p>Synapse that uses neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sensory receptors would best respond to changes in temperature?

    <p>Thermoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of microglia within the central nervous system?

    <p>Dispose of cellular debris and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of sensory nerve ending?

    <p>Axodendritic synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific type of synapse connects an axon to another axon's terminal?

    <p>Axoaxonic synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous Tissue Overview

    • Nervous tissue is specialized for transmitting, receiving, and integrating electrical impulses.
    • It comprises the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
    • The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord.
    • The PNS comprises nerves, sensory ganglia, and autonomic ganglia.

    Types of Neural Cells

    • Neurons: Responsible for transmitting information through electrical impulses.
    • Glial cells: Support and nourish neurons;
      • Astrocytes: (CNS) form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and control the chemical environment.
      • Oligodendrocytes: (CNS) produce myelin sheaths around nerve fibers.
      • Ependymal cells: (CNS) line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, producing cerebrospinal fluid.
      • Microglia: (CNS) are spider-like phagocytes; dispose of debris.
      • Schwann cells: (PNS) produce myelin sheaths around nerve fibers.
      • Satellite cells: (PNS) surround cell bodies of neurons in sensory ganglia.

    Neuron Structure

    • Cell body (perikaryon): Contains the nucleus and is the metabolic center.
    • Processes (dendrites and axon): Extend from the cell body.
    • Dendrites: Conduct impulses toward the cell body.
    • Axon: Conducts impulses away from the cell body.
    • Nerve endings (synapses): Structures at the end of axons that connect with other neurons or target cells.

    Neuron Classifications (Structural)

    • Unipolar: Found during early development; one axon.
    • Bipolar: One axon and one dendrite.
    • Pseudounipolar: Short single process leaving the cell body.
    • Multipolar: Many extensions from the cell body (most common).
    • Axons and dendrites differ in structure and function.

    Classifications of Neurons (Functional)

    • Sensory (afferent): Carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS.
    • Motor (efferent): Carry impulses from the CNS to effector cells (muscles and glands).
    • Interneurons (association neurons): Connect sensory and motor neurons; make up most of the CNS.

    Neuron Processes and Synapses

    • Axons (single or branching per neuron) conduct impulses away from the cell body.
    • Dendrites conduct impulses towards the cell body; they branch extensively allowing reception of impulses from many sources.
    • All neurons end in nerve endings (synapses) that connect with other neurons or target cells.

    Synapse Structure

    • Synapses are specialized regions of contact between neurons.
    • There are two types: chemical and electrical.
    • Neurotransmitters are chemicals released from the axon at synapses and transmit the nerve impulse across the synapse.

    Sensory Nerve Endings (Receptors)

    • Classified by location (exteroceptors, interoceptors, proprioceptors).
    • Classified by stimulus type (chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors).
    • Classified by structure (free nerve endings, hair follicle endings, encapsulated endings - tactile corpuscle of Meissner, corpuscle of Pacini, Ruffini endings, muscle spindle, Golgi tendon organ).
    • These structures are located throughout the body and enable the sensory aspects of function.

    Nervous Tissue Activity

    • Nervous tissue is involved in reception, processing, and transmission of information throughout the body.
    • Neural pathways are routes of information transmission, encompassing sensory and motor pathways.

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    Nervous Tissue PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate structure and function of nervous tissue, which is essential for transmitting and integrating electrical impulses in the body. This quiz covers the components of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as the various types of neural cells like neurons and glial cells. Test your knowledge on how these elements work together to maintain body functions.

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