Nervous System Structure and Directions

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Questions and Answers

What term describes the direction toward the head in anatomical terms?

  • Rostral (correct)
  • Caudal
  • Ventral
  • Dorsal

Which directional term refers to a position located toward the tail?

  • Rostral
  • Caudal (correct)
  • Anterior
  • Dorsal

What is the process called that marks the beginning of the formation of the central nervous system?

  • Neurogenesis
  • Myelination
  • Synaptogenesis
  • Neurulation (correct)

How is a sagittal section defined in terms of orientation?

<p>Perpendicular to the ground and parallel to the neuraxis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the initial shape of the central nervous system during development?

<p>A hollow tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a section of the nervous system that is perpendicular to the ground and divides the brain into two symmetrical halves?

<p>Sagittal section (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical direction describes the position toward the back of the body?

<p>Dorsal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what stage of embryonic development does neurulation take place?

<p>Third week (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the initial formation of the central nervous system?

<p>It begins as a flat neural plate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the imaginary line through the center of the CNS?

<p>Neuraxis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which slicing method divides the brain into upper and lower parts?

<p>Horizontal section (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure ultimately contributes to the formation of the peripheral nervous system from the neural crest cells?

<p>Neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which directional term is not synonymous with the term 'anterior'?

<p>Caudal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe how the central nervous system maintains its shape after development?

<p>It changes into a solid mass. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ventral' refer to in anatomical direction?

<p>Toward the belly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neuraxis

An imaginary line through the CNS, from the spinal cord to the forebrain.

Anterior/Rostral

Near the head.

Posterior/Caudal

Near the tail.

Neurulation

Process where the neural plate forms the neural tube during embryonic development.

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CNS development

The central nervous system starts as a plate of cells, forming a hollow tube, which maintains this basic tube shape.

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Dorsal

Toward the back of the body, like a turtle's shell.

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Ventral

Toward the belly of the body, like the underside of a fish.

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Cross Sections

Slices of the brain taken perpendicular to the neuraxis, like slices of salami.

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Horizontal Sections

Slices of the brain parallel to the ground, like looking at a flat landscape.

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Sagittal Sections

Slices of the brain perpendicular to the ground, dividing it into symmetrical halves.

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Neural Plate

A thickened sheet of cells that forms during early embryonic development, destined to become the CNS.

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Neural Tube

A hollow tube formed from the neural plate during embryonic development, which will eventually form the brain and spinal cord.

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Neural Crest Cells

Cells that migrate away from the neural tube during development, forming components of the peripheral nervous system.

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What is the main difference between the central and peripheral nervous systems?

The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all nerves outside the CNS.

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What is the significance of neurulation?

Neurulation is crucial as it marks the beginning of the central nervous system's formation, transforming the neural plate into a neural tube.

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Study Notes

Nervous System Structure

  • The nervous system has a central imaginary line (neuraxis) running from the spinal cord to the brain.
  • Anterior/rostral: Toward the head
  • Posterior/caudal: Toward the tail
  • Dorsal: Toward the back
  • Ventral: Toward the belly

Nervous System Slicing

  • Cross/frontal sections: Sliced transversely, like salami
  • Horizontal sections: Parallel to the ground
  • Sagittal sections: Perpendicular to the ground, parallel to the neuraxis, dividing the brain into symmetrical halves

Anatomical Directions

  • Superior: Above
  • Inferior: Below
  • Lateral: Away from the middle of the body, toward the side
  • Medial: Toward the middle of the body, away from the side
  • Ipsilateral: Same side of the body
  • Contralateral: Opposite side of the body

Neurulation

  • Occurs during the third week of embryonic development.
  • Neural plate of thickened cells transforms into a neural tube (beginning of central nervous system).
  • The edges of the plate elevate and fuse, forming the neural tube.
  • Neural crest cells form the peripheral nervous system.

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