Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?
What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?
- Support blood-brain barrier
- Myelinate axons (correct)
- Promote neurogenesis
- Aid in neurotransmitter release
Which type of synapse is characterized by fast signal transmission due to electric coupling?
Which type of synapse is characterized by fast signal transmission due to electric coupling?
- Neuromuscular junction
- Electrical synapse (correct)
- Chemical synapse
- Axodendritic synapse
Which cell type is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?
Which cell type is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?
- Ependymal cells
- Astrocytes (correct)
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglia
What structure generates action potentials in neurons?
What structure generates action potentials in neurons?
What does myelin primarily function as in the nervous system?
What does myelin primarily function as in the nervous system?
What is the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
What is the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
Which component is primarily involved in the mechanical strength of neurons?
Which component is primarily involved in the mechanical strength of neurons?
What is the role of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system?
What is the role of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the central nervous system?
What type of neuron is characterized by having multiple processes extending from its cell body?
What type of neuron is characterized by having multiple processes extending from its cell body?
What role do astrocytes play in the nervous system?
What role do astrocytes play in the nervous system?
How do chemical synapses differ from electrical synapses?
How do chemical synapses differ from electrical synapses?
What is primarily contained within the Schmidt-Lanterman cleft?
What is primarily contained within the Schmidt-Lanterman cleft?
Which of the following glial cells acts as immune cells in the brain?
Which of the following glial cells acts as immune cells in the brain?
What is the primary structural role of microtubules in neurons?
What is the primary structural role of microtubules in neurons?
What is the function of endoneurium in peripheral nerves?
What is the function of endoneurium in peripheral nerves?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily known for its excitatory effects?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily known for its excitatory effects?
Flashcards
Efferent Neuron
Efferent Neuron
Carries signals from the brain to muscles and glands (effectors).
Afferent Neuron
Afferent Neuron
Carries signals from the body to the brain.
Neuron Structure
Neuron Structure
Neurons have a cell body (soma), dendrites to receive signals, an axon to transmit signals, and axon terminals to communicate with next neuron (or target).
Myelin Sheath Function
Myelin Sheath Function
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Chemical Synapse
Chemical Synapse
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Electrical Synapse
Electrical Synapse
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Glial Cells: Astrocytes
Glial Cells: Astrocytes
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CNS and PNS
CNS and PNS
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Action Potential Generation
Action Potential Generation
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Myelin's Role
Myelin's Role
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Synaptic Transmission
Synaptic Transmission
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Types of Neurons
Types of Neurons
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Neurofilament Function
Neurofilament Function
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Glial Cell Diversity
Glial Cell Diversity
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Synaptic Plasticity
Synaptic Plasticity
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Nerve Connective Tissue
Nerve Connective Tissue
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Study Notes
Nervous System Review
- Neurons: Transmit signals from brain to muscles, afferent from body to brain
- Excitability and conductivity: Neurons transmit signals; ability to transmit electrical signals
- Nissl bodies: Protein synthesis sites in neurons, important for neurotransmitter production
- Glial cells: Support neurons; myelinates axons in the central nervous system (CSF) protects brain, removes waste
- Axon hillocks: Generate action potentials, high concentration of ion channels
- Chemical vs. electrical synapses: Chemical synapses release neurotransmitters, electrical synapses use direct electrical coupling; chemical synapses are slower than electrical
- Synaptic plasticity: Synapses can change strength, important for memory formation
- Schwann cells: Myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Myelin: Insulates axons, preventing ion leakage across axon membrane
- Astrocytes: Part of the blood-brain barrier, helps with brain protection, repair, and pathogen protection, also help with clearing and repairing damaged brain tissue
- Microglia: Immune cells, act in phagocytosis
- Ependymal cells: Produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Types of Neurons: Multipolar (motor neurons), bipolar (sensory), unipolar (special sensory)
- Neuron Structure/Function: Soma (cell body); dendrites receive signals; axon transmit signals; axon terminals release neurotransmitters
- Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses
- Removal of Neurotransmitters: Recycling of synaptic vesicles, degradation by enzymes, diffusion from cleft
- Multiple Neuron Functions: Signal transmission, maintenance of shape, and mechanical strength
- Schwann cells: Myelinate axons in PNS, forming gaps (Nodes of Ranvier)
- CNS: Brain and spinal cord; PNS: nerves; ganglia = groups of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS
- Neurotransmitters: Examples include glutamate (excitatory)
- CT layers: Endoneurium (surrounds individual axons), perineurium (encloses bundles), epineurium (forms and encases nerve)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the nervous system including neurons, synapses, and glial cells. This quiz covers essential components like excitability, conductivity, and the roles of various types of cells in supporting neuronal functions. Perfect for students studying biology or physiology.
