Nervous System Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

  • To maintain tissue repair
  • To transport nutrients
  • To coordinate voluntary and involuntary actions (correct)
  • To produce hormones

Which part of a neuron receives nerve impulses?

  • Myelin
  • Axon
  • Cell body
  • Dendrites (correct)

What is the role of myelin in the nervous system?

  • To connect neurons to muscles
  • To facilitate neurotransmitter release
  • To house cell nuclei
  • To protect and insulate axons (correct)

What do we call the gaps that connect neurons?

<p>Synapses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are groups of neuron cell bodies within the CNS called?

<p>Nuclei (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word 'neur/o' refer to?

<p>Nerve, nerve tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following suffixes indicates a memory condition?

<p>-mnesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of a concussion?

<p>Temporary loss of consciousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'meningitis' refer to?

<p>Inflammation of the membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which word part refers specifically to the cerebellum?

<p>cerebell/o (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a morbid attraction or impulse?

<p>-mania (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which definition fits the term 'schizophrenia'?

<p>Mind splitting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epidural hematoma typically occurs due to what?

<p>Blood collection between the dura mater and skull (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is often referred to as a 'mini-stroke'?

<p>Transient ischemic attack (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a tumor derived from meninges surrounding the brain?

<p>Meningioma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of Parkinson’s disease?

<p>Loss of dopamine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activity occurs during a seizure?

<p>Abnormal, uncontrolled electrical activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders is primarily characterized by recurrent seizures?

<p>Epilepsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the weakness in the vessel wall leading to an aneurysm?

<p>Localized dilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with the degeneration of the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer’s disease?

<p>Loss of intellectual function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anxiety disorders can be influenced by which of the following factors?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nervous System: Role

The Nervous System is responsible for controlling both voluntary and involuntary actions within the body, working alongside the Endocrine System to maintain a stable internal environment, known as homeostasis.

What is the CNS?

The Central Nervous System (CNS) is the control center of the body, composed of the brain and spinal cord. It receives information, processes it, and then sends out commands to the rest of the body.

What is the PNS?

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is the network of nerves extending from the CNS to the rest of the body. It acts as a communication pathway, relaying information to and from the CNS.

What are Neurons?

Neurons, also known as nerve cells, are the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system. They transmit information throughout the body via electrical and chemical signals.

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What are Synapses?

Synapses are gaps between neurons or between neurons and muscle cells. They allow for the transmission of signals via chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.

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Mania

A condition characterized by a morbid attraction or impulse towards something. Often associated with intense desires and compulsions.

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Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

A sudden injury to the brain caused by a blow or jolt to the head. May result in skull fractures, bleeding, swelling, and direct brain damage.

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Concussion

A mild brain injury that can cause temporary loss of consciousness, amnesia, dizziness, nausea, and headache.

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Epidural Hematoma

A collection of blood between the dura mater and the skull. Caused by a skull fracture or a blow to the head.

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Subdural Hematoma

A collection of blood trapped beneath the dura mater. May result from a blow to the front or back of the head.

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Vascular Insult

A general term for an injury to the blood vessels.

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Schizophrenia

A mental disorder characterized by severe disruptions in thinking, feeling, and behavior. Often involves hallucinations and delusions.

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Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain. It's like a mini-stroke, but can be a warning sign for a major stroke.

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Cerebral Aneurysm

A weakness in a blood vessel wall causes it to bulge or widen.

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Brain Tumor

A localized area of damage or growth within an organ, often causing pressure within the skull.

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

A progressive disease that damages the protective covering of nerve fibers (myelin sheath).

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Parkinson's Disease (PD)

A progressive disorder that affects movement and coordination due to lack of dopamine.

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

A progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss and cognitive decline.

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Seizure

A sudden, uncontrolled burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause various symptoms.

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Epilepsy

A chronic condition characterized by recurrent seizures due to excessive neuronal activity.

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Study Notes

Nervous System Overview

  • The nervous system coordinates involuntary and voluntary body actions.
  • It works with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis, a state of equilibrium.
  • It enables the body to respond and adapt to changes.
  • The nervous system has two main divisions: central and peripheral.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

  • The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  • The PNS branches out from the CNS.
  • It contains nerves that transmit signals between the CNS and other parts of the body.
  • Includes afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) nerves.
  • Further divided into autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

  • Controls involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
  • Has parasympathetic and sympathetic branches.

Somatic Nervous System

  • Controls voluntary movements.

Nerve Tissue and Neurons

  • Nerve tissue is made of neurons.
  • Each neuron has a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
  • Dendrites receive signals.
  • The cell body contains the nucleus.
  • The axon sends signals.
  • Axons are covered by myelin for protection and insulation.

Synapse

  • Synapses are the gaps between neurons and muscles.
  • Synapses use neurotransmitters to send signals between cells.
  • Ganglia are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.
  • Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS.
  • Groupings of axons are called nerves.

Nervous System Root Words

  • neur/o: nerve
  • encephal/o: brain
  • cephal/o: head
  • cerebell/o: cerebellum
  • cerebr/o: cerebrum
  • cortic/o: outer layer of brain (cortex)
  • crani/o: skull
  • mening/o: membrane
  • ment/o: mind
  • psych/o: mind
  • schiz/o: split

Suffixes Describing Conditions or Disorders

  • -mania: morbid attraction
  • -mnesia: memory
  • -phasia: speech
  • -phobia: fear
  • -phrenia: mind
  • -lepsy: seizures

Examples of Nervous System Conditions

  • Aphasia: loss of speech
  • Amnesia: loss of memory
  • Meningitis: inflammation of the meninges
  • Schizophrenia: mind splitting
  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): damage to brain due to head injury like blow or jolt to the head, falls, car or sports injuries
  • Skull fractures
  • Hemorrhage
  • Swelling from head injury
  • Direct damage
  • Concussions: mild head injury
  • Stroke: blockage or rupture of blood vessel leading to brain damage
  • Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): temporary interruptions in blood supply to brain (mini-stroke).
  • Cerebral aneurysm: a weakened blood vessel that bulges outward (widening), potentially causing blockage, burst or rupture, and brain damage.
  • Tumors (lesions/neoplasms) in the brain or spinal cord
  • Can cause dysfunction and increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
  • Types include Astrocytoma (star-shaped neuroglia cells) and Meningioma (derived from meninges).
  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS): progressive disease with symptoms from demyelination (myelin sheath loss).
  • Parkinson's Disease (PD): progressive movement disorder caused by dopamine loss; symptoms include posture, balance, and speech issues later in life.
  • Alzheimer's Disease (AD):atrophy of cerebral cortex, leading to progressive loss of intellectual function (amnesia).
  • Seizures: uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain.
  • Epilepsy: chronic disorder with recurrent seizures.
  • Anxiety disorders: feelings of unease.
  • Depression: loss of interest.
  • Schizophrenia: abnormal thoughts, hallucinations, and delusions.

Medical Specialists

  • Neurologists: diagnose and treat neuromuscular disorders.
  • Neurosurgeons: perform operations on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
  • Psychiatrists: treat behavioral and mental health disorders.

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Medical Terminology: The Nervous System (2022-2023) PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the structure and function of the nervous system. This quiz covers the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. Challenge yourself on how these systems coordinate body actions and maintain homeostasis.

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