Nervous System Overview
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Nervous System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of sensory neurons?

  • To connect motor neurons to effector cells
  • To conduct impulses away from the cell body
  • To transmit impulses to the central nervous system (correct)
  • To process and store information

    • Motor neurons are responsible for receiving information from the central nervous system.

    False

    What ion movement primarily contributes to the action potential in a neuron?

    Sodium (Na+) in and Potassium (K+) out

    The _______ nervous system includes neurons that end at effector cells.

    <p>motor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following divisions of the nervous system with their primary function:

    <p>Peripheral Nervous System = Connects limbs and organs to the central nervous system Central Nervous System = Processes and integrates sensory information Sensory Division = Transmits signals from sensory receptors to the CNS Motor Division = Conducts impulses to muscles and glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

    <p>Transmit sensory and motor information between the CNS and the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Central Nervous System (CNS) is responsible for transmitting sensory data to the peripheral regions of the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two components that the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of.

    <p>Nerves and ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ division of the autonomic nervous system controls the body's 'rest and digest' functions.

    <p>parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

    <p>Somatic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following divisions of the nervous system with their corresponding functions:

    <p>Central Nervous System = Integrating sensory information Peripheral Nervous System = Transmitting data from the body to the CNS Somatic Nervous System = Controlling voluntary movements Autonomic Nervous System = Regulating involuntary bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sensory division of the PNS is responsible for relaying motor commands from the CNS.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a ganglion?

    <p>A cluster of neuronal cell bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers conduct impulses from receptors to the Central Nervous System?

    <p>Sensory (afferent) fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ division of the PNS controls voluntary movements.

    <p>somatic nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) with their functions:

    <p>Sympathetic division = Mobilizes body systems during activity Parasympathetic division = Conserves energy and promotes housekeeping functions Visceral motor = Conducts impulses to cardiac and smooth muscles Somatic motor = Conducts impulses to skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Controlling voluntary movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The motor (efferent) division of the PNS conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensory fibers are associated with the stomach?

    <p>Visceral sensory fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ nervous system controls functions that are involuntary, like heart rate and digestion.

    <p>autonomic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of motor fiber is associated with voluntary control?

    <p>Somatic motor fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Nervous System

    • The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
    • The CNS is the integrating and command center, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
    • The PNS consists of nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord, providing communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body.
    • The PNS is further divided into the sensory (afferent) division, which conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS, and the motor (efferent) division, which conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands).
    • The motor division is divided into the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements, and the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which controls involuntary movements.
    • Ganglia are clusters of neuron cell bodies found in the PNS.

    Neuron Structure

    • Neurons are the structural units of the nervous system.
    • Neurons are highly specialized cells that conduct electrical impulses.
    • The neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon.
    • The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles.
    • Dendrites are branched extensions of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons.
    • The axon is a single, long extension that conducts signals away from the cell body.
    • Axons end in axon terminals (terminal boutons), where neurotransmitters are released.
    • The impulse travels from the dendrites to the cell body and down the axon to the axon terminals.

    Nerve Impulse

    • Also known as the action potential (A.P.).
    • It’s a localized change in voltage across the neuron’s membrane due to the movement of ions.
    • At rest, the neuron is more positive outside the cell.
    • The action potential involves a rapid depolarization (becoming more positive) followed by repolarization (returning to resting potential) and a brief hyperpolarization (becoming more negative).

    The Synapse

    • The synapse is the junction between two neurons, where communication occurs.
    • One neuron releases a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, a space separating the two neurons.
    • The neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, triggering a signal in that neuron.

    Neuroglia

    • Neuroglia are glial cells that support and protect neurons. There are six types of neuroglia in the nervous system.
    • They don’t transmit electrical impulses.
    • They provide physical support, protection, and insulation for neurons.

    Nerves

    • A nerve is a bundle of axons, or nerve fibers, that transmit signals in the PNS.
    • Nerves can be sensory, motor, or mixed.
    • Sensory nerves transmit information from the body to the CNS.
    • Motor nerves transmit information from the CNS to the body.
    • Mixed nerves contain both sensory and motor axons.

    Nerve Regeneration

    • Nerve regeneration is possible in the PNS.
    • It involves regrowth of axons that have been damaged or destroyed.
    • Regeneration is limited in the CNS.
    • The process involves: degeneration of the distal portion of damaged axon, formation of a regeneration tube, and regrowth of the axon within the tube.

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    Chapter 12: Nervous System PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the structure and functions of the nervous system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Test your knowledge on neurons, their types, and their roles in communication within the body. Perfect for students learning about biology or human anatomy.

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