Nervous System Organization Quiz
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Nervous System Organization Quiz

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@VictoriousRetinalite1993

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  • Facilitating muscle contractions
  • Forming peripheral nerves
  • Regulating autonomic functions
  • Integrating sensory inputs (correct)

    • Which components are part of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

  • Neural tissues within the skull
  • Brain and spinal cord
  • Higher order functions like memory
  • Cranial nerves and spinal nerves (correct)

    • Which structure is NOT a part of the CNS?

  • Spinal cord
  • Cerebral hemisphere
  • Peripheral ganglia (correct)
  • Diencephalon

    • What encases the Central Nervous System?

    <p>Skull and vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of functions does the CNS control?

    <p>Both reflex and higher order functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue does the PNS consist of primarily?

    <p>Neural tissue outside CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the PNS?

    <p>Connecting the CNS to the limbs and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for reflex actions?

    <p>Spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functions can the CNS perform?

    <p>Both reflex and higher order functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers do spinal nerves contain?

    <p>Both sensory and motor fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many segments are defined by spinal nerves in the spinal cord?

    <p>31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which root of the spinal nerve is responsible for sensory input?

    <p>Dorsal root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dermatome?

    <p>A region of skin monitored by sensory afferents of a single spinal segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of activities does somatic control?

    <p>Voluntary activities only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal nerves are part of the cervical region?

    <p>8 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the ventral root of the spinal nerve?

    <p>Transmitting motor signals away from the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these correctly describes the relationship between spinal nerves and dermatomes?

    <p>Each spinal nerve receives sensory input from one dermatome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neuron is primarily responsible for carrying sensory information to the central nervous system?

    <p>Sensory neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the afferent division in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Brings sensory information from receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is primarily involved in the integration and processing of sensory information?

    <p>Thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

    <p>Somatic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is involved in motor control within the brain?

    <p>Basal nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is described as having 'water on the brain' due to blockage of circulation in the ventricles?

    <p>Hydrocephalus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes gray matter from white matter in the nervous system?

    <p>Presence of neural cell bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the adult brain contains the pons and cerebellum?

    <p>Metencephalon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the hypothalamus play in the body?

    <p>Control of the autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a ganglion?

    <p>A cluster of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting signals away from the central nervous system?

    <p>Motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of brain matter is primarily responsible for transmitting information?

    <p>White matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neuroglia in the nervous system?

    <p>Support and protect neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Carries motor commands to effectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nervous system pathway connects the brain with organs throughout the body?

    <p>Tracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Projection fibers in the brain are responsible for what function?

    <p>Transmitting information to and from the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of neurons is most closely associated with processing information within the CNS?

    <p>Interneurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glial cell is responsible for the myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nervous system controls the connections of smooth and cardiac muscle?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

    <p>Coordinates voluntary movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the brain is associated with the highest level of processing?

    <p>Cerebral cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures make up the higher centers in the brain?

    <p>Complex brain regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from enlarging ventricles due to hydrocephalus?

    <p>Neural tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do astrocytes contribute to the central nervous system?

    <p>Regulating blood-brain barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'visceral motor neurons'?

    <p>They connect to smooth and cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The choroid plexus is primarily responsible for what function in the brain?

    <p>Producing cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neuroglia types is involved in immune defense in the central nervous system?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do nuclei represent in the central nervous system?

    <p>Collections of neuron cell bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle does the parasympathetic nervous system primarily affect?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are tracts in the context of the nervous system?

    <p>Bundles of myelinated axons with a common origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do efferent neurons play in reflex actions?

    <p>They carry out motor responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>Ensheath axons and dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons?

    <p>Allow for saltatory conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>They surround both myelinated and unmyelinated axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tight junctions contribute to the function of the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>They isolate neural tissue from circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when nerves in the CNS are damaged?

    <p>Scar tissue fills the space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microglia in the CNS?

    <p>Remove debris and pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following areas has an incomplete blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System Organization

    • The nervous system has three main functions: sensory, integrative, and motor.
    • Sensory function receives information from sensory receptors.
    • Integrative function interprets and processes information to determine appropriate response.
    • Motor function produces outgoing signals to initiate responses in muscles or glands.
    • The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord.
    • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes the sensory and motor divisions.
    • The sensory division transmits information to the CNS from sensory receptors.
    • The motor division transmits commands from the CNS to muscles, glands, and other effectors.
    • The somatic nervous system (SNS) controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.
    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls involuntary actions of smooth and cardiac muscle, and glands. The ANS includes two parts: the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.
    • The PNS has cranial nerves and spinal nerves including Sensory ganglia, peripheral ganglia, and autonomic ganglia.

    CNS (Central Nervous System)

    • The CNS is located inside the skull and vertebral column.
    • It's responsible for integrative functions like simple and complex reflexes, as well as higher-order functions. These include memory, learning, and intelligence.
    • Parts of the CNS include the brain and spinal cord.

    PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

    • Most of the PNS is outside the skull and vertebral column.
    • It includes peripheral nerves which are cranial nerves and spinal nerves; peripheral ganglia; and sensory organs like those for vision, hearing, and more

    Cells of the Nervous System

    • Neurons are electrically active cells that process and conduct information in the form of electrical signals.
    • Neuroglia (glial cells) provide support, insulation, and nourishment for neurons.

    Functional Organization of the Nervous System

    • Nerve cell processes transmit information, forming pathways in the PNS and CNS.
    • Collections of nerve cell bodies serve as processing centers, known as ganglia in PNS, and gray matter in the CNS.
    • The functional organization includes different centers (Collections of neurons), such as nuclei, cortex, and others.
    • The White matter includes myelinated tracts and columns which carry the signals between different areas of the CNS.

    Brain Anatomy

    • The brain is divided into major parts: cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum.
    • Sub-regions include frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.
    • White matter in the cerebrum plays an important role in transmitting signals.
    • The brain and brainstem have separate nuclei and tracts, each specialized for specific functions.

    Protection of the Nervous System

    • The CNS is protected by the skull, vertebrae, and meninges.
    • The meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) surround the brain and spinal cord and provide physical support.
    • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fills the space between the meninges and cushions the CNS.
    • Blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of certain substances into the CNS.

    Cranial Meninges

    • The brain and spinal cord are covered with protective layers called meninges and blood brain barrier. These help protect from mechanical trauma and prevent unwanted substances to enter.

    Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

    • CSF is produced in the ventricles of the brain.
    • It fills the ventricles, central canal, and subarachnoid space.
    • CSF cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord, and removes waste products.
    • CSF circulates through the ventricular system of the brain, into the subarachnoid space and reabsorbed into the bloodstream. Blockage of CSF circulation can cause increased pressure within the ventricles. The build-up of CSF can cause hydrocephalus or "water on the brain".

    Neuron Classification

    • Neurons are categorized as sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), or interneurons (association neurons).
    • Sensory neurons transmit impulses from the sensory receptors, typically located outside the CNS, into the CNS.
    • Motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to effectors, such as muscles or glands.
    • Interneurons are found mostly within the CNS; they connect sensory and motor neurons allowing for information processing.
    • Each are located in either the CNS or PNS.

    Glial Cells (Neuroglia)

    • Glial cells provide support, insulation, and nourishment for neurons.
    • Types include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.
    • Glial cells may be found in either PNS or CNS.

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    Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Nervous System Organization PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the structure and functions of the nervous system. This quiz covers key concepts such as sensory, integrative, and motor functions, as well as the roles of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Dive into the details of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems and their divisions.

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