Questions and Answers
Match the following word parts with their meanings:
esthet/o = Feeling encephal/o = Brain contus/o = Bruise psych/o = Mind concuss/o = Shaken together mening/o = Membrane covering the brain -graphy = Process of producing a picture -esthesia = Sensation, feeling myel/o = Spinal cord radicul/o = Nerve root -phobia = Abnormal fear caus/o = Burning sensation cerebr/o = Brain neur/o = Nerve, nerves -tropic = Having an affinity for
The space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ is known as a ____.
synapse
The white protective covering over some parts of the spinal cord and the axon of most peripheral nerves is the ____.
myelin sheath
The ____ are the root-like structures of a nerve that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body.
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The ____ is the layer of the meninges that is located nearest to the brain and spinal cord.
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Seven vital body functions are regulated by the ____.
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The ____ nerves are the division of the autonomic nervous system that prepare the body for emergencies and stress.
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A ____ is a network of intersecting nerves.
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Cranial nerves are part of the ____ nervous system.
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The ____ relays sensory stimuli from the spinal cord and midbrain to the cerebral cortex.
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The ____ neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord.
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What is the medical term for a profound state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements?
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A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks.
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An absence seizure is a brief disturbance in brain function in which there is a loss of awareness.
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A sedative is administered to prevent the seizures associated with epilepsy.
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A patient in a persistent vegetative state sleeps through the night and is awake and conscious during the day.
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A psychotropic drug acts primarily on the central nervous system where it produces temporary changes affecting the mind, emotions, and behavior.
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The acute condition that is characterized by confusion, disorientation, and hallucinations is known as ____.
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A ____ is the bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury.
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The mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations are known as ____ disorders.
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Persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve is known as ____.
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During childbirth, ____ anesthesia is administered to numb the nerves from the uterus and birth passage without stopping labor.
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Study Notes
Nervous System & Mental Health Terminology
- esthet/o: Refers to sensation or feeling, crucial in understanding sensory nerves.
- encephal/o: Denotes the brain, central to the nervous system's function.
- contus/o: Indicates a bruise, important in diagnosis of traumatic brain injuries.
- psych/o: Relates to the mind, a key term in psychiatry and psychology.
- concuss/o: Means shaken together, relevant in concussion and traumatic injuries.
- mening/o: Signifies the membrane that covers the brain, essential for understanding protective layers.
- -graphy: Refers to the process of producing a picture, utilized in various imaging techniques.
- -esthesia: Involves sensation or feeling, often used to describe sensory disorders.
- myel/o: Pertains to the spinal cord, vital in the context of nervous system connectivity.
- radicul/o: Refers to nerve roots, crucial in understanding nerve function and condition.
- -phobia: Indicates an abnormal fear, relevant in mental health diagnoses.
- caus/o: Signifies a burning sensation, often related to nerve damage.
- cerebr/o: Refers closely to the brain, particularly the cerebrum, which is the largest brain region.
- neur/o: Indicates nerve, foundational in neurological terminology.
- -tropic: Means having an affinity for, often used in discussions of hormones affecting target organs.
Nervous System Structures and Functions
- Synapse: The junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor, important for signal transmission.
- Myelin sheath: Protective covering over nerves, enhances signal speed.
- Dendrites: Receive impulses and conduct them toward the cell body; critical for information processing in neurons.
- Pia mater: Innermost layer of the meninges, closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord, plays a protective role.
- Hypothalamus: Regulates key body functions such as temperature, hunger, and sleep cycles.
- Sympathetic nerves: Part of the autonomic nervous system, prepares the body for stress responses.
- Plexus: A network of intersecting nerves, important for nerve functionality and pathways.
- Peripheral nervous system: Includes cranial and spinal nerves, extends beyond the central nervous system.
- Thalamus: Acts as a relay station for sensory information to the cerebral cortex.
- Efferent neurons: Responsible for transmitting impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to effectors.
Brain Regions and Their Functions
- Brainstem: Connects the brain to the spinal cord, controls basic life functions.
- Hypothalamus: Coordinates functions including hormone release and autonomic nervous system activity.
- Cerebellum: Important for muscle coordination and balance.
- Medulla oblongata: Controls essential functions like breathing and heart rate.
- Cerebrum: Houses higher-level functions such as reasoning, emotions, and voluntary motor activities.
Psychological Conditions and Disorders
- Coma: A state of profound unconsciousness; no spontaneous movement or responsiveness.
- Hallucination: Sensory perceptions without an external stimulus, significant in various mental health disorders.
- Acrophobia: An intense fear of heights, a common type of anxiety disorder.
- Anxiety disorders: Characterized by excessive and irrational fears affecting daily life.
- Bipolar disorder: Involves mood swings between highs and lows impacting behavior and energy levels.
- Alzheimer's disease: A degenerative disorder affecting memory and cognitive function.
- Insomnia: Persistent difficulty in sleeping; critical for overall health.
- Anorexia nervosa: An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight leading to severe food restriction.
- Epilepsy: A neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
Key Medical Terminology & Definitions
- Cerebral palsy (CP): A movement disorder caused by damage to the brain, usually at or before birth.
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Fluid that cushions the brain and spinal cord, important for central nervous system protection.
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): Characterized by unwanted and intrusive thoughts followed by compulsive actions.
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA): A temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke; a warning sign for potential strokes.
- Hydrocephalus: Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles, leading to increased intracranial pressure.
- Neuroma: A benign tumor comprising nerve tissue, relevant in nerve damage and pain assessment.
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential terminology related to the nervous system and mental health. This quiz covers crucial terms that are foundational for understanding the functions and disorders of the nervous system. Perfect for students in health sciences or psychology.
