Nervous System Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the afferent division of the nervous system?

  • To process and transmit nerve signals
  • To carry sensory information to the CNS (correct)
  • To relay signals from the CNS to glands
  • To deliver motor commands to skeletal muscles

    • Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle contractions?

  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Parasympathetic division
  • Sympathetic division
  • Somatic nervous system (correct)

    • What role do neuroglia play in nervous tissue?

  • They transmit electrical signals
  • They primarily detect changes in stimuli
  • They control skeletal muscle contractions
  • They support and protect neurons (correct)

    • Which term describes the division of the nervous system that controls subconscious actions?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the nervous system has a stimulating effect on the body?

    <p>Sympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensory fibers are responsible for transmitting information from internal organs?

    <p>Visceral sensory fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the efferent division from the afferent division?

    <p>Efferent carries motor commands from CNS to PNS while afferent carries sensory information to CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is true?

    <p>It includes both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained within the cytoplasm of the neuron, which is specifically referred to as the Perikaryon?

    <p>Nucleus and nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Nissl bodies play in the neuron?

    <p>Produce neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes dendrites in a typical neuron?

    <p>Dendrites engage in afferent communication by receiving signals from other neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurofibrils within a neuron primarily serve what function?

    <p>Maintain the cell's shape and support dendrites and axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During neurotransmission, what is the role of synaptic vesicles?

    <p>Store and release neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

    <p>It integrates and processes sensory data and motor commands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the axon of a neuron from its dendrites?

    <p>The axon transmits impulses away from the cell body while dendrites receive signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the composition of gray matter?

    <p>Unmyelinated nerve fibers and neuron cell bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of communication occurs at a neuronal synapse?

    <p>Chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters are released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of mitochondrial presence in the neuron?

    <p>They produce energy required for various neuronal functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

    <p>Produce hormones for metabolic regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components are part of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

    <p>Peripheral nerves and sensory receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurons are classified based on which criteria?

    <p>Structure and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature differentiates the brain from the spinal cord in the CNS?

    <p>Distribution of gray and white matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do neuroglia play in the nervous system?

    <p>Support and protect neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily responsible for the conduction of nerve signals?

    <p>Neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the function related to the nervous system's response to stimuli?

    <p>Integration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about sensory receptors in the PNS is true?

    <p>They transmit information back to the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuroglial cell is mainly responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Form myelin sheath around peripheral nerve axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes oligodendrocytes?

    <p>Each oligodendrocyte wraps around many nerve fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell is the least abundant type of neuroglia in the CNS?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do the nodes of Ranvier facilitate?

    <p>Saltatory conduction of action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the nervous system includes both the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

    <p>Peripheral Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ependymal cells in the nervous system?

    <p>Producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do satellite cells function in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>They regulate the environment around neuronal cell bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the regeneration capabilities of peripheral nerves from central nerves?

    <p>Schwann cells support nerve regeneration in the PNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT classified as a catecholamine?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements about the axon is incorrect?

    <p>It is covered by a myelin sheath in the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component forms the outermost covering layer of a peripheral nerve axon?

    <p>Neurilemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

    <p>Sympathetic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is not attributed to neuroglial cells?

    <p>Conducting action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System Fundamentals

    • The nervous system is the body's master control and communication system.
    • It receives information from inside and outside the body, processes this information, and then responds accordingly.
    • The nervous system is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

    Central Nervous System (CNS)

    • The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord.
    • The CNS processes sensory information, coordinates responses, and controls higher-level functions like intelligence, memory, and behavior.
    • The CNS contains neural tissue, connective tissue, and blood vessels.

    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

    • The PNS consists of all neural tissue outside the CNS, including nerves and ganglia.
    • The PNS delivers sensory information to the CNS and motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands throughout the body.
    • The PNS also contains sensory receptors that detect changes in the internal and external environment.

    Functional Divisions of the Nervous System

    • The nervous system has an afferent (sensory) division and an efferent (motor) division
    • The afferent division delivers sensory information from the PNS to the CNS.
    • The efferent division carries motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.
    • The efferent division is further categorized into somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary) nervous systems
      • The Somatic nervous system controls voluntary activities like skeletal muscle movement.
      • The Autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary activities including heart rate, digestion, and glandular secretions. The autonomic nervous system is further split into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

    Nervous Tissue

    • Nervous tissue consists of neurons and neuroglia (supporting cells).
    • Neurons process and transmit nerve signals.
    • Neuroglia nourish, support, and protect neurons.

    Neuron Structure

    • The typical neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
      • The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles.
      • Dendrites receive signals from other neurons.
      • The axon transmits signals away from the cell body.
    • The axon often has a myelin sheath for faster signal transmission.

    Neuroglia (Supporting Cells)

    • Neuroglia in the CNS (central nervous system):
      • Astrocytes: Most abundant, provide support and form the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
      • Oligodendrocytes: Form myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS.
      • Microglia: Act as the immune system in the CNS, and are defensive in nature.
      • Ependymal cells: Line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities.
    • Neuroglia in the PNS (peripheral nervous system):
      • Schwann cells: Form myelin sheaths around axons in the PNS that allow for regeneration if damaged.
      • Satellite cells: Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; provide support and regulate environment around the neurons.

    Neural Synapse

    • Neurons communicate with each other at synapses.
    • Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses.

    Classification of Neurons

    • Neurons are classified by their structure and/or function.
      • Anatomical classification include Unipolar, Bipolar, Pseudounipolar, and Multipolar based on their shape.

    Functional Classification

    The following additional classifications are based on the directionality of the signal:

    • Sensory neurons transmit messages to the central nervous system.
    • Motor neurons transmit messages away from the central nervous system.
    • Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons.

    Myelin Sheath

    • The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that coats some axons.
    • It acts as insulation and speeds up signal transmission.

    Nodes of Ranvier

    • Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath.
    • Action potentials jump between these gaps, increasing transmission speed. This is called saltatory conduction.

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    Fundamentals of the Nervous System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of the nervous system, including the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. You'll explore how these systems communicate and control various bodily functions. Perfect for students learning about human biology.

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