Podcast
Questions and Answers
What primary role does the nervous system serve in the body?
What primary role does the nervous system serve in the body?
- To filter blood in the kidneys
- To send messages between the brain and different body parts (correct)
- To produce hormones for digestion
- To provide structural support to organs
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary actions like digestion?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary actions like digestion?
- Autonomic nervous system (correct)
- Somatic nervous system
- Peripheral nervous system
- Central nervous system
What is the function of sensory neurons in the nervous system?
What is the function of sensory neurons in the nervous system?
- To transmit signals from the brain to muscles
- To initiate muscle contractions
- To carry information from the senses to the brain (correct)
- To connect motor neurons with each other
Which function is NOT regulated by the nervous system?
Which function is NOT regulated by the nervous system?
How do neurons transmit signals throughout the nervous system?
How do neurons transmit signals throughout the nervous system?
What type of neuron helps you move by sending signals to your muscles?
What type of neuron helps you move by sending signals to your muscles?
Which of the following processes is primarily controlled by the nervous system?
Which of the following processes is primarily controlled by the nervous system?
Interneurons serve what primary function in the nervous system?
Interneurons serve what primary function in the nervous system?
What is the role of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in neural communication?
What is the role of postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in neural communication?
What characterizes excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)?
What characterizes excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with muscle cell function?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with muscle cell function?
What is a common effect of increased levels of serotonin due to recreational drug use?
What is a common effect of increased levels of serotonin due to recreational drug use?
What structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
What structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Which condition is believed to be related to dopamine deficiency?
Which condition is believed to be related to dopamine deficiency?
Which lobe of the cerebrum is NOT visible from the outside surface of the brain?
Which lobe of the cerebrum is NOT visible from the outside surface of the brain?
What type of matter primarily constitutes the cerebral cortex?
What type of matter primarily constitutes the cerebral cortex?
What are neuropeptides like endorphins known for?
What are neuropeptides like endorphins known for?
What is the main classification of the nervous system?
What is the main classification of the nervous system?
Which structure acts as a relay station for sensory nerve impulses traveling to the cerebrum?
Which structure acts as a relay station for sensory nerve impulses traveling to the cerebrum?
Which of the following terms describes a deep groove in the brain?
Which of the following terms describes a deep groove in the brain?
What type of neurotransmitter is GABA classified as?
What type of neurotransmitter is GABA classified as?
What role does the basal ganglia play in the brain?
What role does the basal ganglia play in the brain?
What is the primary function of the cerebral white matter?
What is the primary function of the cerebral white matter?
What are the tiny swellings found at the end of axon terminals called?
What are the tiny swellings found at the end of axon terminals called?
Which embryonic structure gives rise to the medulla oblongata?
Which embryonic structure gives rise to the medulla oblongata?
What type of neuron is responsible for transmitting information from the body's sense organs to the brain?
What type of neuron is responsible for transmitting information from the body's sense organs to the brain?
Which potential occurs when a neuron is inactive and has a negative electrical charge?
Which potential occurs when a neuron is inactive and has a negative electrical charge?
What must a neuron reach in order to fire and alter its membrane potential?
What must a neuron reach in order to fire and alter its membrane potential?
What happens to a neuron's membrane permeability during the action potential?
What happens to a neuron's membrane permeability during the action potential?
Which type of neuron conveys information to the body's muscles and organs?
Which type of neuron conveys information to the body's muscles and organs?
During depolarization, what occurs with the electrical charge of the neuron?
During depolarization, what occurs with the electrical charge of the neuron?
What is the role of neurotransmitters within synaptic vesicles?
What is the role of neurotransmitters within synaptic vesicles?
What occurs if the neural threshold is not reached?
What occurs if the neural threshold is not reached?
What is the primary characteristic of the all or none principle?
What is the primary characteristic of the all or none principle?
During which part of the refractory period is it impossible for a neuron to fire again, regardless of stimulation strength?
During which part of the refractory period is it impossible for a neuron to fire again, regardless of stimulation strength?
What releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?
What releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?
What happens to neurotransmitters that do not bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron?
What happens to neurotransmitters that do not bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron?
What term describes the junction between neurons where communication occurs?
What term describes the junction between neurons where communication occurs?
What does the term 'reuptake' refer to in neuronal transmission?
What does the term 'reuptake' refer to in neuronal transmission?
Which characteristic primarily contributes to the continuation of an action potential along the axon?
Which characteristic primarily contributes to the continuation of an action potential along the axon?
What are the two types of nerve fibers found in the peripheral nervous system?
What are the two types of nerve fibers found in the peripheral nervous system?
Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle movement?
Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle movement?
What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is activated during 'fight or flight' responses?
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is activated during 'fight or flight' responses?
How many pairs of spinal nerves are present in the human body?
How many pairs of spinal nerves are present in the human body?
What function does the peripheral nervous system NOT perform?
What function does the peripheral nervous system NOT perform?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?
What role does the parasympathetic nervous system play in the body?
What role does the parasympathetic nervous system play in the body?
Flashcards
What is the nervous system?
What is the nervous system?
The central command center of your body responsible for everything you think, feel and do.
What does the nervous system do?
What does the nervous system do?
It sends messages between your brain and the rest of your body to regulate bodily functions like breathing and movement.
How does the nervous system work?
How does the nervous system work?
It uses signals to control your thoughts, movements, senses, and everything in-between.
What are neurons?
What are neurons?
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What are motor neurons?
What are motor neurons?
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What are sensory neurons?
What are sensory neurons?
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What are interneurons?
What are interneurons?
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Why are neurons important?
Why are neurons important?
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Gyrus
Gyrus
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Sulcus
Sulcus
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Fissure
Fissure
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Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
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Corpus Callosum
Corpus Callosum
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Basal Ganglia
Basal Ganglia
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Thalamus
Thalamus
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Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
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What are terminal buttons?
What are terminal buttons?
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What are neurotransmitters?
What are neurotransmitters?
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What is resting potential?
What is resting potential?
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What is action potential?
What is action potential?
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What is the neural threshold?
What is the neural threshold?
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All-or-None Principle
All-or-None Principle
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Absolute Refractory Period
Absolute Refractory Period
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Relative Refractory Period
Relative Refractory Period
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What is a synapse?
What is a synapse?
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What are receptors?
What are receptors?
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What is Reuptake?
What is Reuptake?
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What is a presynaptic neuron?
What is a presynaptic neuron?
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Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
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Somatic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
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Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
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Afferent Nerves
Afferent Nerves
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Efferent Nerves
Efferent Nerves
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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What is a Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)?
What is a Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)?
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What are Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials (EPSPs)?
What are Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials (EPSPs)?
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What are Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSPs)?
What are Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSPs)?
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What is Acetylcholine and what is it associated with?
What is Acetylcholine and what is it associated with?
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What are Biogenic Amines and what are they linked to?
What are Biogenic Amines and what are they linked to?
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What is GABA and how does it work?
What is GABA and how does it work?
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Where is Glycine found and what does it do?
Where is Glycine found and what does it do?
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What are Endorphins and how do they work?
What are Endorphins and how do they work?
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Study Notes
Introduction
- The nervous system is crucial for all bodily functions, including movement, thought, and sensation
- The nervous system has three main components: brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- It regulates processes like digestion that we don't consciously control
What is the nervous system?
- The nervous system acts as the body's command center
- It consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- Electrical signals (messages) are sent between the brain and body parts
- These signals control breathing, movement, speaking, and sight
- The nervous system monitors internal and external conditions and adjusts responses accordingly
What does the nervous system do?
- The nervous system's primary role is to send messages throughout the body
- It controls thoughts, memory, learning, feelings, and movements
- It regulates sensory experiences like vision, hearing, taste, touch, and smell
How does the nervous system work?
- Nerve cells called neurons transmit electrical signals throughout the body
- Signals travel between the brain, skin, organs, glands, and muscles
- Information from the environment is sensed (e.g., through eyes, ears, nose) and relayed to the brain
- The brain then sends instructions to carry out bodily functions
Nervous System Anatomy
- The nervous system has two major subdivisions: central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- CNS includes the brain and spinal cord
- PNS includes nerves branching from the spinal cord to all body parts
- PNS is further divided into the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
What does the nervous system look like?
- Nerve cells (neurons) form the basis of the nervous system
- There are approximately 100 billion neurons in the brain
- Neurons are interconnected throughout the body
- The CNS (brain and spinal cord) is like a tree trunk; the branches are nerves and reach all parts of the body
Structure and functions of neuron
- The neuron (nerve cell) is the fundamental unit of the nervous system
- Neurons comprise dendrites (information receivers), a cell body, an axon (information transmitter), and axon terminals
- Neurotransmitters send signals between neurons; synapses are the junctions
Synaptic Transmission
- Synapses are junctions between nerve cells
- Neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals between neurons
- Neurotransmitters bind to receptor sites on target cells, triggering responses in the postsynaptic neuron
- Postsynaptic potentials (PSP) are the changes in the postsynaptic neuron's membrane potential due to neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
- Chemicals that transmit signals between neurons
- Different neurotransmitters have different functions and effects on the body
- Examples include acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, and glycine
Transmission of a Nerve Impulse
- A nerve impulse is an action potential
- Neural impulse is created when a neuron is sufficiently stimulated, causing depolarization
- During the action potential, electrical charge within the neuron shifts, sending signals along the axon
- After the action potential, the neuron briefly cannot fire again (absolute refractory period) before returning to the resting potential
Peripheral Nervous System
- The peripheral nervous system transmits signals between the CNS and the rest of the body
- It has two main branches: Somatic and autonomic
- The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movement; the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary actions
Peripheral Nervous System Functions
- The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to the rest of the body and to the surrounding environment
- It regulates internal body functions (homeostasis) and controls the strength of muscle contractions
- The peripheral nervous system controls the release of secretions from glands
Parts of a Neuron
- Dendrites: Receive signals from other neurons
- Cell body: Contains the nucleus and other cellular components
- Nucleus: Contains genetic material (DNA)
- Axon: Conducts signals away from the cell body
- Myelin sheath: Insulates the axon, speeding up signal transmission
- Axon terminals: Transmit signals to other neurons
Endorphins and substance P
- Endorphins modulate the effects of other neurotransmitters; substance P is involved in pain
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Description
Test your knowledge of the nervous system with this quiz that covers its primary functions, types of neurons, and the role of neurotransmitters. Questions explore everything from sensory neurons to the connection between brain hemispheres. Perfect for students studying human biology and anatomy.
