Nervous System Functions and Neurons

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

To digest food and absorb nutrients.
To produce hormones that regulate growth.
To rapidly transmit messages for body activities. (correct)
To regulate body temperature through sweat glands.

Which of the following describes the role of neuroglia (glial cells) in nervous tissue?

Transporting oxygen to neurons.
Providing support and protection to neurons. (correct)
Synthesizing neurotransmitters for synaptic transmission.
Generating electrical impulses to transmit signals.

What is the main function of the myelin sheath that surrounds an axon?

To protect the axon from physical damage.
To provide nutrients to the axon.
To increase the speed of impulse transmission. (correct)
To synthesize neurotransmitters.

How do neurons communicate with each other?

By releasing neurotransmitters into synapses. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?

Central Nervous System (CNS). (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sensory neurons in the nervous system?

To carry signals from sensory receptors to the CNS. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is primarily controlled by the somatic nervous system?

Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

Smooth and cardiac muscles. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Conserving energy and promoting relaxation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the sympathetic nervous system?

To activate the body's 'fight or flight' response. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which extensions form the receptive surfaces of neurons?

Dendrites (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the substance released from the axon to help send impulses?

Neurotransmitters (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of motor neurons?

They send signals that cause movement. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of nerves are part of the Somatic Nervous System?

Efferent Nerves (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Increased digestive activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of activity is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?

"Resting and Digesting" (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of homeostasis?

Maintaining stability (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the sympathetic nervous system's response?

Stress Response (A) Signup and view all the answers

When information is brought together and interpreted to create sensations, create thoughts, add to memory and make decisions, what part of the nervous system is in play?

Processing and Interpreting (B) Signup and view all the answers

If a person touches a hot stove, what INPUT signal is sent?

Sensory Neurons (C) Signup and view all the answers

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following?

Difficulties in coordinating movement and maintaining balance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

The gyri and sulci on the surface of the cerebrum are collectively known as what?

Convolutions (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a person has difficulties controlling their motor activities, behaviour, and emotions, which lobe of the cerebrum is most likely affected?

Frontal Lobe (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the transverse fissure?

Separating the cerebrum from the cerebellum. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the role of the medulla oblongata?

Responsible for heartbeat, respiration and blood vessel diameter. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What would be the most likely result of damage to the occipital lobe?

Impaired vision. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the function of Wernicke's area?

Primarily involved in language comprehension. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the corpus callosum?

Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum and allows them to communicate. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where is Wernicke's area located?

Temporal lobe (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the concept of contralateral processing in the cerebral cortex?

The right side of the body is controlled by the left side of the cerebral cortex, and vice versa. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the pons?

Plays a role in respiration. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the brain is responsible for interpreting body sense perception?

Parietal lobes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the precentral gyrus in relation to the central sulcus?

Anterior (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brain structures is responsible for relaying visual and auditory impulses to the cerebrum?

Midbrain (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brain areas is most associated with executive functions, sound decision-making, and judgment?

Frontal lobe (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is inferior to the cerebrum and plays a role in controlling hormone levels, hunger and thirst, body temperature, sleep-wake cycles and sending information around the brain?

Diencephalon (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lists the four lobes of the brain?

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital (B) Signup and view all the answers

Damage to Broca's area is most likely to cause which of the following impairments?

Difficulty with the motor output of speech. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in integrating emotions?

Temporal Lobes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why does the cerebrum have convolutions (gyri and sulci)?

To increase surface area and pack more brain into a smaller space. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following provides a protective cushion for the brain and spinal cord against shock?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (B) Signup and view all the answers

The spinal cord extends from the brainstem and exits the skull through which opening?

Foramen magnum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Spinal nerves connect directly to the spinal cord. What are the 'on-ramps' and 'off-ramps' that connect these nerves to the spinal cord highway referred to as?

Spinal roots (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue covers each spinal nerve, and what does each spinal nerve contain?

Connective tissue; contains axon bundles and blood vessels (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body, and what is each pair named after?

31 pairs; named after the spinal cord segment they originate from. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the term 'innervate' when referring to spinal nerves?

The specific area of the body that the nerve supplies with information to and from. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many cervical nerves are there, and what are their designations?

There are 8 cervical nerves designated C1-C8. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where do spinal nerves typically exit in relation to their corresponding vertebrae?

Below their respective vertebrae. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the exception to the rule of spinal nerve exit in relation to vertebrae?

In the cervical region, nerves C1-C7 exit above the corresponding vertebrae, but C8 exits below C7. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why reflexes do not require input from the brain?

Reflexes are integrated within the spinal cord. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely outcome of damage to the nervous tissue of the spinal cord?

Paralysis and loss of sensation below the injury site. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of spinal cord injuries, what does paralysis (plegia) refer to?

The loss of the ability to move and/or feel. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between quadriplegia and paraplegia?

Quadriplegia affects all four limbs, while paraplegia affects only the lower extremities. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Hemiplegia' mean?

Paralysis of one side of the body (D) Signup and view all the answers

What best defines a stroke in medical terms?

A disruption in blood flow to a part of the brain. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following causes can lead to a stroke?

Either a blockage (blood clot) or hemorrhage (bleeding) in the brain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary danger to brain tissue when a stroke occurs?

Reduced oxygen supply causing tissue death. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early symptom observed in stroke patients?

Sudden vision and speaking difficulty. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups of symptoms is most indicative of a stroke?

Sudden weakness, trouble speaking, sudden headache, and dizziness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What potential occurrence is likely to result from age-related changes in the nervous system?

Increased likelihood of injury (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to nerve impulses because of aging?

Impulses do not travel as fast. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are spinal cord injuries in the cervical region more devastating than injuries in the thoracic region?

Cervical injuries can result in quadriplegia. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is commonly comprised in Hemiplegia?

The ability to swallow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the protective layers surrounding the spinal cord called?

Meninges (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a common early symptom observed in stroke patients?

A gradual loss in memory that worsens over time. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nervous System Function

The nervous system is the body's rapid messenger, receiving and sending messages for body activities.

Neuroglia (Glial Cells)

Specialized cells that support, protect, and keep nervous tissue together, enabling proper function of neurons.

Neurons

Unique cells with a cell body and extensions (nerve fibers) that conduct impulses; can be sensory, motor, or interneurons.