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Questions and Answers
What is the classification of depression based on its mood disorder category?
What is the classification of depression based on its mood disorder category?
Which of the following is a characteristic of bipolar disorder?
Which of the following is a characteristic of bipolar disorder?
What are the primary factors that influence the precise diagnosis of depression?
What are the primary factors that influence the precise diagnosis of depression?
Which statement accurately describes reactive depression?
Which statement accurately describes reactive depression?
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What type of mood is associated with manic episodes in bipolar disorder?
What type of mood is associated with manic episodes in bipolar disorder?
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What is the primary classification of depression based on its characteristics?
What is the primary classification of depression based on its characteristics?
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Which neurotransmitters are associated with decreased activity in the brain during depression?
Which neurotransmitters are associated with decreased activity in the brain during depression?
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Which symptom is commonly associated with depression?
Which symptom is commonly associated with depression?
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What treatment method is often effective for many cases of depression?
What treatment method is often effective for many cases of depression?
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What risk is associated with antidepressant medications in children and adolescents?
What risk is associated with antidepressant medications in children and adolescents?
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Study Notes
Nervous System Disorders
- Mona Elsheikh, lecturer at the department of Physical Therapy for Neurological Disorders and its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, MUST university, is the presenter.
Mission and Vision of the College of Physical Therapy
- Vision: Leadership and excellence among physical therapy colleges locally and regionally.
- Mission: The college aims to prepare physical therapy graduates to meet local labor market needs. Researchers will conduct scientific research to improve the profession, community services, and the surrounding environment.
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
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Knowledge and Understanding: Recognizing the integrated role of various body systems in health and disease; describing pathomechanical aspects related to pathological conditions; describing disease pathophysiology; discussing determinants and patterns of health, illness and disability considering social, cultural, and global contexts; describing the pathological process and presentation of common diseases of the musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems.
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Intellectual Skills: Analyze pathophysiological problems of various human body disorders.
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General and Transferable Skills: Demonstrate competency in the use of computer-based information.
Depression
- Depression is a mood disorder.
Subgroups of Depression
- Major Depression (Unipolar): Endogenous, diagnosis based on biological factors; may include genetic, developmental, and psychosocial stressors.
- Bipolar Disorder: Alternating periods of depression and mania (abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood with consistently increased activity or energy level).
- Depression due to exogenous or reactive episode: Response to a life event or secondary to other medical conditions (cancer, diabetes, heart failure etc).
Pathophysiology of Depression
- Characterized by disorganized emotions.
- Results from decreased activity of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain.
- Exact mechanism is not fully understood but genetic factors are suggested by twin studies.
- History of major psychosocial trauma may contribute to the development of depression.
Signs and Symptoms of Depression
- Prolonged sadness, hopelessness, inability to find pleasure.
- Lack of energy, loss of self-esteem, and motivation.
- Irritability and agitation.
- Difficulty concentrating and problem-solving.
- Sleep disorders (insomnia or excessive sleep).
- Loss of appetite and libido.
- Varying degrees of impact on individuals and may cause disability.
Treatment of Depression
- Antidepressant drugs that increase norepinephrine activity.
- There is a concern about increased suicide risk in children and adolescents taking antidepressants without concurrent psychiatric counseling.
- Combining antidepressant drugs with psychiatric counseling.
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe cases may cause memory loss.
Panic Disorder
- A type of anxiety disorder.
- Frequent or prolonged panic attacks.
- Panic attacks are sudden brief episodes of discomfort and anxiety.
- Panic attacks may arise in otherwise benign or everyday situations.
Pathophysiology of Panic Disorder
- Genetic factor implicated.
- Increased discharge of neurons in the temporal lobes.
- Biochemical abnormalities in neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, serotonin, and GABA).
- Fear of another panic attack can increase limbic system irritability.
Signs and Symptoms of Panic Disorder
- Repeated episodes of intense fear without clear triggers for minutes or hours.
- Palpitations or tachycardia (rapid heart rate).
- Hyperventilation.
- Sweating.
- Sensations of choking or smothering.
- Nausea and fear.
- Anticipation of panic attacks may lead to phobias (e.g., agoraphobia).
Treatment of Panic Disorder
- Psychotherapy.
- Drug therapy (anti-anxiety agents).
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of nervous system disorders as discussed by Mona Elsheikh from the Faculty of Physical Therapy. It emphasizes the integrated role of various body systems and the pathomechanical aspects of these disorders. Test your knowledge on disease pathophysiology and its impact on health and disability.
