Nervous System Components and Functions

Study Notes

Main Components of the Nervous System

The nervous system is primarily composed of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing information and coordinating responses.
The PNS consists of all nerves outside the CNS, linking the CNS to the body's organs and limbs.

Function of Neurons

Neurons transmit electrical impulses, allowing communication throughout the body.
They process and transmit information in response to stimuli, participating in reflexes and sensory experiences.
The primary components of neurons include the cell body, dendrites, and axon.

Role of Supporting Cells

Supporting cells, also known as glial cells, play a crucial role in maintaining the health of neurons.
They provide structural support, nourishment, and insulation, ensuring optimal functioning of neurons.
Types of supporting cells include astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells.

Non-Conducting Cells

Non-conducting cells in the nervous system, which include glial cells, help to support, insulate, and protect neurons.
These cells do not generate or transmit nerve impulses, allowing neurons to perform their primary functions effectively.

Components Regulating Body Functions

The central nervous system is primarily responsible for regulating and controlling body functions through processing incoming sensory information and coordinating motor responses.
The autonomic nervous system, part of the PNS, regulates involuntary bodily functions like heart rate and digestion.

Supporting and Insulating Cells

Non-conducting cells that provide support and insulation to neurons include oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS.
These cells form myelin sheaths around axons, which enhance the speed and efficiency of electrical signal transmission in the nervous system.

Description

Test your knowledge of the main components and functions of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Learn about the two main types of cells, neurons, and supporting cells, and how they work together to regulate and control body functions.