Nervous System Chapter 11 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the cavities within the brain that connect with each other and with the spinal cord?

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Ventricles (correct)

What comprises the brainstem?

Medulla oblongata, pons varolii, and midbrain

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Contains all the ascending and descending tracts connecting the spinal cord and brain.

Where is the diencephalon located?

Superior to the midbrain and between the two cerebral hemispheres. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the thalamus?

Principal relay station for sensory impulses. Signup and view all the answers

What does the hypothalamus control?

Homeostasis and bodily functions. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the bulk of the brain?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

What separates the cerebral hemispheres?

Cerebral hemispheres Signup and view all the answers

What are gyri?

Numerous folds on the surface of each hemisphere. Signup and view all the answers

What are sulci?

Intervening grooves on the brain's surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is the cerebellum's position in the brain?

Second largest portion of the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A subdivision of the efferent peripheral nervous system that functions automatically. Signup and view all the answers

What does the sympathetic division do?

Prepares the body for stress or emergency responses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the parasympathetic division?

Restores the body to a restful state after stress. Signup and view all the answers

What are taste buds?

Sensory structures found on certain papillae. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sclera?

Outermost layer of the eye. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cornea?

Permits light to enter the eye. Signup and view all the answers

What does the choroid do?

Contains blood vessels and pigment cells. Signup and view all the answers

What does the retina contain?

Light-sensitive cells known as rods and cones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the ciliary body?

Holds the lens in place. Signup and view all the answers

What does the iris regulate?

The amount of light entering the eye. Signup and view all the answers

What are rods sensitive to?

Dim light. Signup and view all the answers

What do cones produce?

Color vision. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fovea centralis?

A depression in the center of the macula lutea. Signup and view all the answers

Where do the optic nerve fibers leave the eye?

Optic disk. Signup and view all the answers

What are ceruminous glands?

Modified sebaceous glands in the ear canal. Signup and view all the answers

What is meningitis?

Inflammation of the meninges. Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by tremors and a shuffling walk?

Parkinson's disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by convulsive seizures?

Epilepsy. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperopia?

Farsightedness. Signup and view all the answers

What results from excess aqueous humor in the eye?

Glaucoma. Signup and view all the answers

What causes transient ischemic attacks (TIA)?

Temporary interference with blood supply to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What does ANS stand for?

Autonomic nervous system. Signup and view all the answers

What does CNS stand for?

Central nervous system. Signup and view all the answers

What does PERRLA stand for?

Pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. Signup and view all the answers

What does ENT stand for?

Ears, nose, and throat. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Components

Ventricles: Brain cavities that connect to each other, the subarachnoid space, and the spinal cord's central canal.
Brainstem: Comprises the medulla oblongata, pons varolii, and midbrain; essential for connecting the brain and spinal cord.
Medulla Oblongata: Contains all the ascending and descending tracts linking the spinal cord and brain.
Diencephalon: Located above the midbrain between the cerebral hemispheres, encompassing key functions.
Thalamus: The main relay station for sensory impulses towards the cerebral cortex, situated in the superior diencephalon.
Hypothalamus: Regulates homeostasis and bodily functions like temperature and thirst, located in the inferior diencephalon.
Cerebrum: The largest brain part, responsible for higher brain functions.
Cerebral Hemispheres: Divides the cerebrum into right and left halves.
Gyri: Numerous folds on the surface of each cerebral hemisphere.
Sulci: Grooves found between gyri on the brain's surface.
Cerebellum: The second largest brain segment, important for coordination and balance.

Nervous System Functions

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): A subdivision of the efferent peripheral nervous system operating automatically without conscious control.
Sympathetic Division: Activates bodily responses in stress situations.
Parasympathetic Division: Restores the body to a state of rest post-stress and regulates non-stressful conditions.

Sensory Structures and the Eye

Taste Buds: Sensory structures located on tongue papillae that detect taste.
Papillae: Elevations on the tongue surface involved in taste sensation.
Sclera: Tough white outer layer of the eye.
Cornea: Transparent outer layer allowing light entry.
Choroid: Layer containing blood vessels and pigment cells.
Retina: Innermost layer with light-sensitive rods and cones.
Ciliary Body: Smooth muscles holding the lens in place, allowing for focus.
Iris: Colored muscle around the pupil that regulates light entry.
Rods: Sensitive to dim light, do not contribute to color vision.
Cones: Responsible for color vision and require bright light.
Fovea Centralis: Center depression in the macula lutea for sharp vision.
Optic Disk: Area where optic nerve fibers exit the eye.

Ear and Neurological Conditions

Auricle: External, visible part of the ear made of elastic cartilage.
Ceruminous Glands: Modified sebaceous glands in the ear canal.
Cerumen: Another name for earwax.
Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges due to infections, causing headache and fever.
Encephalitis: Inflammation of brain tissue often caused by viral infections.
Parkinson's Disease: Characterized by resting hand tremors and slow shuffling gait.
Epilepsy: Brain disorder causing overactivity, leading to seizures.
Otitis Media: Common middle ear infection particularly in children.
Conjunctivitis: Bacterial infection affecting the eye's conjunctiva.
Hyperopia: Farsightedness, difficulty seeing close objects.
Myopia: Nearsightedness, difficulty seeing distant objects.
Presbyopia: Decreased ability to focus on near objects with age.
Color Blindness: Genetic condition affecting the perception of colors, more common in males.
Motion Sickness: Results from inner ear stimulation during movement.
Cataracts: Clouding of the eye's lens, common in older individuals.
Glaucoma: Increased eye pressure due to excess aqueous humor, leading to vision loss.

Neurological Terms and Conditions

Paraplegia: Paralysis affecting the lower trunk and both legs, often due to spinal injury.
Paresthesia: Abnormal sensations like numbness or tingling.
Syncope: Fainting caused by rapid blood flow decline to the brain.
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Temporary blood supply interruption to the brain.
Tinnitus: Hearing ringing or hissing sounds without external stimuli.
Vertigo: Illusion of movement or dizziness.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ANS: Autonomic Nervous System
CNS: Central Nervous System
SNS: Sympathetic Nervous System
CSF: Cerebrospinal Fluid
CVA: Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
CT Scan: Computed Tomography Scan
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
R/O: Rule Out
OD: Right Eye
OS: Left Eye
OU: Both Eyes
PERRLA: Pupils Equal, Round, and Reactive to Light and Accommodation
ENT: Ears, Nose, and Throat

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Description

Test your knowledge of the nervous system with these flashcards from Chapter 11. Each card focuses on key terms and definitions related to brain structures, including ventricles, brainstem, and medulla oblongata. Perfect for students who want to reinforce their understanding of neuroanatomy.