Nervous System and Behavior Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?

  • Processing visual information
  • Controlling voluntary muscle movement (correct)
  • Regulating involuntary organ functions
  • Recognizing sound quality

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for the recognition of forms and colors?

  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Occipital lobe (correct)

Which autonomic nervous system division is associated with the body's 'rest-and-digest' activities?

  • Parasympathetic nervous system (correct)
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Central nervous system
  • Sympathetic nervous system

What is the general action of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Mobilizing the body for 'fight-or-flight' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the parietal lobe?

<p>Recognizing sound pitch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?

<p>To receive impulses and carry them towards the cell body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for conducting impulses away from the cell body?

<p>Axon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the myelin sheath in a neuron?

<p>To act as an insulator and aid in impulse conduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the cell body (soma) is correct?

<p>It serves as the tropic center for nourishment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the nervous system respond when a person faces a stressful stimulus?

<p>It initiates involuntary responses controlled by the nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do neurotransmitters play in the nervous system?

<p>They transmit nerve impulses between neurons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a deficiency in acetylcholine have on learning?

<p>It disrupts learning and memory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of excessive norepinephrine levels?

<p>Hyperactivity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is associated with an undersupply of dopamine?

<p>Parkinson's disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a lack of serotonin have on sleep?

<p>It produces insomnia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of GABA in the nervous system?

<p>Decrease nerve activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can an oversupply of dopamine lead to?

<p>Schizophrenic reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are neurons classified?

<p>According to their function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling involuntary muscles such as breathing and heartbeat?

<p>Medulla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Pons in the brain?

<p>Transmitting motor information and coordinating muscle movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the brain is primarily associated with higher functions of thought and voluntary action?

<p>Forebrain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of the Cerebellum?

<p>Governs body balance and coordination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is considered the smallest and least differentiated structure in the brain stem?

<p>Midbrain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Damage to which structure may result in jerky movement and slurred speech?

<p>Cerebellum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the brain primarily do in response to sensory stimulation?

<p>Identify, organize, interpret, and respond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight of the human brain?

<p>3 pounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thalamus?

<p>Interpreting and sorting sensory and motor impulses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for memory formation?

<p>Hippocampus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hypothalamus primarily regulates which of the following?

<p>Homeostasis and survival behaviors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the limbic system in the brain?

<p>Regulating instinctive drives and emotional responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum interact?

<p>They connect through a broad bundle of nerve fibers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?

<p>To arouse the body for appropriate actions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in processing emotions such as fear and aggression?

<p>Amygdala (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the outer layer of the cerebrum refer to?

<p>Cerebral cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sensory neurons?

<p>They transmit stimuli to the brain for interpretation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes motor neurons?

<p>They relay messages from the brain to muscles and glands. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do interneurons play in the nervous system?

<p>They link sensory and motor neurons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>It consists of the brain and spinal cord. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

<p>To conduct nerve impulses between the brain and the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of the nervous system includes cranial and spinal nerves?

<p>Somatic nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from the somatic nervous system?

<p>It manages involuntary bodily functions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a reflex action?

<p>An automatic response to a stimulus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neuron

The basic functional unit of the nervous system. It is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses and communicating information throughout the body.

Axon

The long, slender projection of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Dendrites

Branching extensions of a neuron that receive nerve impulses from other neurons and carry them towards the cell body.

Cell body (Soma)

The central part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles, providing nourishment and support to the neuron.

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Myelin sheath

A fatty substance that insulates the axon, allowing for faster and more efficient transmission of nerve impulses.

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Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that transmit signals from one neuron to another across a synapse.

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Synaptic Vesicles

Small sacs within the synaptic knob that store neurotransmitters.

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Synapse

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs.

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Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and muscle contractions.

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Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter that affects mood, attention, and arousal.

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Dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with movement, pleasure, and reward.

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Serotonin

A neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, sleep, and appetite.

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GABA

An inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces nerve activity and anxiety.

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Sensory Neuron

Nerve cells that carry signals from the sensory organs (like eyes, ears, skin) to the brain for processing.

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Motor Neuron

Nerve cells that carry signals from the brain to the muscles and glands, causing them to act.

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Interneuron

Nerve cells located in the brain and spinal cord that connect sensory and motor neurons.

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Central Nervous System (CNS)

The control center of the nervous system, composed of the brain and spinal cord.

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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system that connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

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Somatic Nervous System

The part of the PNS that controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

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Autonomic Nervous System

The part of the PNS that controls involuntary functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

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Reflex

A fast, automatic response to a stimulus, often involving the spinal cord.

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What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

The frontal lobe is responsible for controlling voluntary movement of skeletal muscles.

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What is the parietal lobe?

The parietal lobe is the brain's primary area for processing sensory information related to touch, temperature, pain, and pressure.

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Which lobe handles vision?

The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the brain, responsible for interpreting information from the eyes.

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What does the temporal lobe process?

The temporal lobe processes auditory information, helping us understand language and recognize sounds.

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What is the sympathetic nervous system's role?

This system prepares the body for "fight-or-flight" responses, increasing heart rate and breathing, releasing adrenaline, and diverting energy to muscles.

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What is the role of the brain?

The brain is the control center of the body, responsible for both conscious and unconscious actions. It coordinates and directs all activities.

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Where is the brain located?

The brain is the largest part of the nervous system and is protected by the skull.

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What are the main parts of the brain?

The brain is composed of three main sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.

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What does the hindbrain control?

The hindbrain controls basic life functions like breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

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What does the medulla control?

The medulla controls essential involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and swallowing.

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What is the role of the cerebellum?

The cerebellum helps coordinate movement, balance, and posture.

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What is the function of the midbrain?

The midbrain plays a role in vision and hearing processing.

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What is the role of the forebrain?

The forebrain is responsible for higher-level thinking, conscious actions, and voluntary movement.

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Cerebrum

The largest and most important part of the human brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions like emotions, learning, thinking, and memory.

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Cerebral Cortex

The outer layer of the cerebrum, responsible for processing sensory information and controlling voluntary movements.

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Thalamus

A relay station in the brain that receives sensory information from the body and forwards it to the cerebrum.

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Hypothalamus

A small but powerful area of the brain that regulates important bodily functions like temperature, hunger, and thirst. It also plays a key role in motivation and emotional behavior.

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Limbic System

A system of interconnected brain structures crucial for emotional responses, motivation, and memory.

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Hippocampus

A part of the limbic system involved in the formation of long-term memories.

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Amygdala

A part of the limbic system involved in processing emotions like fear, anger, and aggression.

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Reticular Activating System (RAS)

A network of neurons located in the hindbrain and midbrain that plays a vital role in regulating arousal, wakefulness, and attention.

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Study Notes

Introduction

  • Man's behavior is influenced by both psychological and biological factors
  • Stressful events or emotions trigger involuntary physical responses controlled by the nervous system

Objectives

  • Students will understand the importance of the nervous system in human behavior.
  • Students will be able to distinguish the divisions of the nervous system.
  • Students will be able to discuss the different parts of the brain and their functions.
  • Students will be able to consider the biological approach to explain behavior.

Neuron

  • The basic functional and structural unit of the nervous system
  • Only neurons transmit nerve impulses
  • Each neuron is a living cell

Neurotransmitters

  • Chemical substances that play a crucial role in transmitting nerve impulses between neurons at the synapses.
  • Acetylcholine facilitates learning and memory; its deficiency disrupts learning.
  • Norepinephrine deficiency can lead to depression; too much causes hyperactivity.
  • Dopamine is linked to schizophrenia when oversupplied; undersupply causes Parkinson's.
  • Serotonin deficiency can cause insomnia and decrease anxiety levels.
  • GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric acid) prevents dreaming and decreases anxiety.

Types of Neurons

  • Sensory neurons (afferent): carry sensory information to the brain
  • Motor neurons (efferent): carry motor commands from the brain to muscles and glands
  • Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord

Division of the Nervous System

  • Central Nervous System (CNS): composed of the brain and spinal cord.
    • The CNS processes information and coordinates bodily functions.
  • Peripheral Nervous System(PNS): consists of nerves outside the CNS
    • Somatic nervous system: involves voluntary actions
    • Autonomic nervous system: controls involuntary actions, further subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

CNS Structures

  • Spinal Cord- a tube of nerve tissue within the backbone; transmits nerve impulses between the brain and body.
  • Brain- the organ responsible for higher-level cognitive functions.
    • Brain stem: responsible for regulating basic bodily functions
      • Medulla: regulates breathing, heart rate, etc.
      • Pons: facilitates communication within the brain and between the brain and spinal cord.
      • Midbrain: assists in eye movement, hearing and other sensory functions
    • Cerebellum: controls coordination, movement, and balance.
    • Forebrain: controls higher-level functions such as thought, memory, and emotion.
      • Hypothalamus: important for regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst
      • Thalamus: acts as a relay station for sensory signals to the cerebral cortex.
      • Limbic system: responsible for emotions, learning, and motivation.
        • Hippocampus - involved in memory
        • Amygdala- involved in emotion.

The 4 Lobes of the Brain

  • Frontal lobe: responsible for voluntary movement and cognitive functions.
  • Parietal lobe: receives and processes sensory information from the body.
  • Occipital lobe: responsible for visual processing.
  • Temporal lobe: responsible for auditory processing and language comprehension.

Autonomic Nervous System

  • Sympathetic division: activates "fight-or-flight" responses
  • Parasympathetic division: activates "rest-and-digest" responses

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Module 3: The Nervous System PDF

Description

This quiz explores the intricate relationship between the nervous system and human behavior. Students will learn about key concepts such as neurons, neurotransmitters, and the divisions of the nervous system, enhancing their understanding of biological influences on behavior.

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