Questions and Answers
Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic nerves and causes smooth muscle relaxation?
Which of the following neurotransmitters are released by parasympathetic nerves and cause smooth muscle contraction?
Which neurotransmitter, released by sensory nerves, causes smooth muscle relaxation?
Which neurotransmitter, released by sympathetic nerves, enhances the contraction effect of Norepinephrine?
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Which of the following pairs of neurotransmitters and their effects on smooth muscle is incorrect?
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Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT released by parasympathetic nerves?
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Study Notes
Neurotransmitters in Nervous Control of Smooth Muscle
Excitatory Neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine (ACh): released by parasympathetic nerves, causes smooth muscle contraction
- Norepinephrine (NE): released by sympathetic nerves, causes smooth muscle contraction
- Substance P: released by sensory nerves, causes smooth muscle contraction
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
- Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP): released by parasympathetic nerves, causes smooth muscle relaxation
- Nitric Oxide (NO): released by parasympathetic nerves, causes smooth muscle relaxation
- Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): released by sympathetic nerves, causes smooth muscle relaxation
Other Neurotransmitters
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY): released by sympathetic nerves, enhances the contraction effect of NE
- ** Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP)**: released by sensory nerves, causes smooth muscle relaxation
Note: The specific neurotransmitters involved in nervous control of smooth muscle can vary depending on the location and type of smooth muscle (e.g. vascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory).
Neurotransmitters in Nervous Control of Smooth Muscle
Excitatory Neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine (ACh) is released by parasympathetic nerves, causing smooth muscle contraction.
- Norepinephrine (NE) is released by sympathetic nerves, leading to smooth muscle contraction.
- Substance P, released by sensory nerves, also causes smooth muscle contraction.
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
- Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) is released by parasympathetic nerves, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation.
- Nitric Oxide (NO) is also released by parasympathetic nerves, causing smooth muscle relaxation.
- Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is released by sympathetic nerves, leading to smooth muscle relaxation.
Other Neurotransmitters
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is released by sympathetic nerves, enhancing the contraction effect of Norepinephrine (NE).
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) is released by sensory nerves, causing smooth muscle relaxation.
- The specific neurotransmitters involved in nervous control of smooth muscle vary depending on the location and type of smooth muscle.
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Description
Learn about the role of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Substance P, and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, in smooth muscle contraction and relaxation. Understand their function in the nervous system.
