Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
What is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
- Mitochondria
- Actin
- Muscle fiber
- Neuron (correct)
A nerve fiber is also commonly referred to as what?
A nerve fiber is also commonly referred to as what?
- Muscle fiber
- Neuron
- Mitochondria
- Axon (correct)
Which of the following is a key property exhibited by nerve fibers?
Which of the following is a key property exhibited by nerve fibers?
- Relaxation
- Contractility
- Excitability (correct)
- Strength
What does the term 'excitability' specifically refer to in the context of nerve fibers?
What does the term 'excitability' specifically refer to in the context of nerve fibers?
In nerve physiology, what does 'conductivity' refer to?
In nerve physiology, what does 'conductivity' refer to?
What does the ‘refractory period’ in nerve physiology refer to?
What does the ‘refractory period’ in nerve physiology refer to?
What is meant by the 'all or none response' in nerve fibers?
What is meant by the 'all or none response' in nerve fibers?
What property describes the ability of nerve fibers to translate stimuli into electrical impulses?
What property describes the ability of nerve fibers to translate stimuli into electrical impulses?
What term describes the property of nerve fibers to transmit electrical impulses?
What term describes the property of nerve fibers to transmit electrical impulses?
What is the term for the property of nerve fibers that describes conducting one action potential at a time?
What is the term for the property of nerve fibers that describes conducting one action potential at a time?
The ability of nerve fibers to respond to several stimuli and generate electrical impulses is called what?
The ability of nerve fibers to respond to several stimuli and generate electrical impulses is called what?
Which of the following is NOT a property of nerve fibers?
Which of the following is NOT a property of nerve fibers?
A sensory nerve ending that responds to stimuli from the environment is known as what?
A sensory nerve ending that responds to stimuli from the environment is known as what?
What best describes a sensory receptor?
What best describes a sensory receptor?
Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle fiber?
Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle fiber?
Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle contraction?
Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle contraction?
What type of muscle contraction involves shortening?
What type of muscle contraction involves shortening?
What type of muscle contraction results in muscle elongation?
What type of muscle contraction results in muscle elongation?
Which type of muscle contraction involves changing in the length of the muscle?
Which type of muscle contraction involves changing in the length of the muscle?
Isometric muscle contractions are characterized by what?
Isometric muscle contractions are characterized by what?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements?
Which part of the nervous system is activated during the 'fight and flight' response?
Which part of the nervous system is activated during the 'fight and flight' response?
Which part of the nervous system primarily handles 'rest and digest' functions?
Which part of the nervous system primarily handles 'rest and digest' functions?
Which neurotransmitter is essential for neuromuscular junction function?
Which neurotransmitter is essential for neuromuscular junction function?
Which of the following is a major neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system?
Which of the following is a major neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system?
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly used by the sympathetic nervous system?
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly used by the sympathetic nervous system?
Which regulatory mechanism is most directly involved in blood pressure control?
Which regulatory mechanism is most directly involved in blood pressure control?
Which type of regulatory mechanisms uses hormones carried in body fluids?
Which type of regulatory mechanisms uses hormones carried in body fluids?
Sensory input, integration, and motor output are components of which regulatory mechanism?
Sensory input, integration, and motor output are components of which regulatory mechanism?
Which process in the nervous mechanism of regulation is responsible for interpreting the information received?
Which process in the nervous mechanism of regulation is responsible for interpreting the information received?
Flashcards
Neuron
Neuron
The neuron is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
Axon
Axon
A nerve fiber is also called an axon. It is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell.
Excitability
Excitability
Excitability is the ability of nerve fibers to respond to stimuli and generate electrical impulses.
Conductivity
Conductivity
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Refractory Period
Refractory Period
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"All or none response"
"All or none response"
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Sensory Receptor
Sensory Receptor
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Sensory Receptor
Sensory Receptor
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Not a muscle fiber
Not a muscle fiber
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Not a muscle contraction
Not a muscle contraction
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Concentric
Concentric
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Eccentric
Eccentric
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Isotonic
Isotonic
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Isometric
Isometric
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Somatic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
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Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
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Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine
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Humoral Regulatory Mechanisms
Humoral Regulatory Mechanisms
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Hormonal Regulatory
Hormonal Regulatory
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Not a substance
Not a substance
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Hormonal Regulatory
Hormonal Regulatory
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Nervous Regulatory
Nervous Regulatory
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Sensory system
Sensory system
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Integrative
Integrative
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Motor System
Motor System
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Not Integrative
Not Integrative
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Blood vessels
Blood vessels
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Study Notes
- Neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.
- A nerve fiber is also called an axon.
- A main property of nerve fibers is excitability.
- Excitability is when a nerve fiber can respond to several stimuli and generate electrical impulses.
- Conductivity is when a nerve fiber can transmit electrical impulses.
- Refractory period is when a nerve fiber can respond to several stimuli and generate electrical impulses.
- ""All or none response"" is when a nerve fiber translates either all or none.
- The property of nerve fibers to translate either all or none is called ""All or none response"".
- The property of nerve fibers to transmit electrical impulses is called conductivity.
- The property of nerve fibers to conduct one action potential at once is called Refractory period.
- The property of nerve fibers to respond to several stimuli and generate electrical impulses is called Excitability.
- Contractility is not a property of nerve fibers
- A sensory nerve ending that receives information from the environment and generates it to electrical impulses is called a sensory receptor.
- A sensory receptor is a nerve ending that receives information from the environment and generates it to electrical impulses.
- A contractile is not a muscle fiber type
- Automatic is not a type of muscle contraction.
- Concentric muscle contractions happen with muscle shortening
- Eccentric muscle contractions happen with muscle elongation
- Isotonic muscle contractions happen with changing in the length of the muscle.
- Isometric muscle contractions happen without muscle changing in the length.
- The somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscle movements.
- The sympathetic nervous system facilitates the fight and flight response.
- The parasympathetic nervous system controls rest and digestion.
- Acetylcholine is used in the neuromuscular junction.
- Acetylcholine is one of the main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system.
- Norepinephrine one of the main neurotransmitters of the Autonomic nervous system
- Humoral regulatory mechanisms are mainly responsible for blood pressure control.
- Regulatory mechanisms carried out through body fluids are humoral.
- Bones is not a substance used in humoral regulation.
- Regulatory mechanisms carried out through body fluids with the help of secreted hormones is hormonal.
- The nervous regulatory mechanisms is composed of three parts: sensory input, integrative and motor output.
- The sensory input is responsible for detecting changes in the environment.
- The integrative part is responsible for interpretation received information.
- The motor output is responsible for performing the final reaction.
- Detecting changes from the environment is NOT included in the integrative part of the nervous mechanism of regulation.
- Smooth muscle cells are responsible for changes in the diameter of the blood vessels.
- When blood pressure increases vessels constrict.
- When blood pressure decreases vessels relax.
- Maintaining blood pressure is NOT the function of skeletal muscle.
- The function of skeletal muscle is to produce movement, maintain body temperature, and sustain body posture and position.
- Involuntary is NOT characteristic for skeletal muscles.
- Regulated through autonomic nervous system is NOT characteristic for skeletal muscles.
- Axons have multiple varicosities is NOT characteristic for skeletal muscles.
- Stimulate by multiple types of signals is NOT characteristic for skeletal muscles.
- Main source of Ca is extracellular Ca is NOT characteristic for skeletal muscles.
- Occur in the stomach and blood vessels is NOT characteristic for skeletal muscles.
- Voluntary is NOT characteristic for smooth muscles.
- Vesicles of muscle junction always contain Ach is NOT characteristic for smooth muscles.
- Have a direct contact with nerve fibers is NOT characteristic for smooth muscles.
- Stimulated exclusively by the nervous system is NOT characteristic for smooth muscles.
- Smooth muscles are involuntary, occur in the stomach and vessels, regulated through autonomic nervous system and axons have multiple varicosities
- Skeletal muscles are voluntary, contain troponin complex, has a smaller force of contraction and regulated through somatic nervous system
- The main source of Calcium for skeletal muscle is the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- The main source of Calcium for smooth muscle is extracellular Calcium.
- Skeletal muscles are responsible for sustaining body position.
- Skeletal muscles are responsible for voluntary movements.
- Calcium ions change the conformation of the troponin protein.
- Relaxation of the striated muscle occurs due to active transport of Ca++ from sarcoplasma to sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- With prolonged muscular work, fatigue initially develops in muscle fibers.
- When the striated muscle fiber is excited, Ca++ ions move from the sarcoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- The thin filaments of the sarcomere are formed by the protein actin.
- The sliding of actin and myosin filaments relative to each other is provided by periodic changes in protein conformation of troponin.
- Longitudinal tubes are designed for deposition of Ca++ ions.
- An afferent neuron receives information from receptors.
- Excitable tissues include muscular and nervous tissue.
- Excitation along the nerve fiber is transmitted by interceptions of Ranvier
- Fatigue conditions happen due to Hong, hard work
- Features of smooth muscles are high excitability high lability, automatism
- One of functions of smooth muscles is maintaining blood pressure and flow.
- Homeostasis is the constancy of indicators of the internal environment
- Humoral vasodilating factors include acetylcholine
- The retina takes part in the perception of light.
- The process of making ATP from oxygen and glucose takes place in mitochondria.
- Mediators are stored in synaptic plaque.
- Nociception is the perception of painful sensitivity.
- Receptors located in muscles and ligaments are called proprioceptors.
- Receptors that sense chemicals are called chemoreceptors.
- Smooth muscle functions include contractile activity of internal organs
- The ability of receptors to reduce their excitability during prolonged exposure to a stimulus is called adaptation.
- The composition of the internal environment includes blood, lymph, intercellular fluid
- The following receptors are found in the skin: temperature, pain, tactile, chemo-, osmo-, baroreceptors.
- The highest excitability in a neuron has axon hillock.
- The main function of the myelin sheath is electrical insulator.
- Myelin sheath is made is of lipid.
- The most common neurons in the human nervous system are multipolar.
- The relative, dynamic constancy of the internal environment is called homeostasis.
- An Afferent neuron receives information from receptor
- Type A nerve fibers are thin, non-fleshy
- Vasoconstrictive humoral factors include norepinephrine.
- Visceral pain occurs when irritated internal organs.
- The study of functions and mechanisms in a living system is called physiology.
- The study of functions and mechanisms in a living system is the best definition of physiology.
- The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary physiologic processes.
- The parasympathetic nervous system predominates in quiet ""rest and digest"" conditions.
- A sensory receptor that adapts rapidly to a stimulus is phasic.
- A sensory receptor that adapts slowly to a stimulus is tonic.
- Phase during which the original resting potential of the nerve cell membrane is restored is repolarization
- Reduction of the potential difference between the inner and outer sides of the membrane is depolarization.
- Increasing of the potential difference between the inner and outer sides of the membrane is hyperpolarization.
- Regulatory mechanism when the secreted substance influences the secreting cell itself is autocrine.
- Regulatory mechanism when the secreted substance effect nearby cells and tissues is paracrine.
- Regulatory mechanism through direct contact of plasma membranes is Juxtacrine.
- Regulatory mechanism to affect distant cell through secretion in circulating fluids is endocrine.
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