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Nerve Cell (Neuron) Anatomy and Function

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Nerve Cell (Neuron) Anatomy and Function

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Questions and Answers

How would severing the axon of a neuron affect its function?

The neuron would be unable to receive incoming signals.

The neuron would be unable to produce neurotransmitters.

The neuron would be unable to transmit outgoing signals. (correct)

Synaptic transmission would be enhanced due to increased neurotransmitter release.

If a drug blocked the function of neurotransmitters at the synapse, what would be the most likely result?

Normal signal transmission between neurons.

Prevention of signal transmission between neurons. (correct)

Increased speed of signal transmission between neurons.

Enhanced growth of dendrites on the receiving neuron.

Which of the following describes the correct sequence of signal transmission in a neuron?

Dendrites -> Axon -> Cell Body

Axon -> Cell Body -> Dendrites

Dendrites -> Cell Body -> Axon (correct)

Cell Body -> Axon -> Dendrites

A researcher discovers a new chemical that significantly increases the number of dendrites on neurons. What effect would this chemical likely have on neuronal communication?

<p>Increase in the neuron's ability to receive signals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would damage to the cell body of a neuron most likely affect the neuron's function?

<p>The neuron would likely die or be severely impaired in both receiving and transmitting signals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neuron

The basic unit of the nervous system that carries signals.

Dendrites

Parts of a neuron that carry impulses toward the cell body.

Axon

Part of a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body.

Synapse

The space between neurons where signals are transmitted.

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Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that help transmit signals between neurons.

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Study Notes

Nerve Cell (Neuron)

Nerve cells are the basic units of the nervous system, essential for carrying messages (impulses).
Dendrites carry impulses towards the cell body.
Axons carry impulses away from the cell body.
The cell body contains a nucleus and other structures.
The axon terminal transmits impulses.
The myelin sheath covers the axon in some neurons, enabling faster signal transmission.
Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath.

Definitions

Axon: The part of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body.
Dendrite: The branch-like structures of the neuron that receive impulses.
Cell Body: The spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and connects dendrites to axons.
Synapse: The space between neurons where information is transferred electrochemically.
Neurotransmitters: Brain chemicals that facilitate signal transmission from one neuron to the next across the synapse.

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Description

Explore the structure and function of nerve cells, the fundamental units of the nervous system. Learn about dendrites, axons, cell bodies, and synapses. Understand how neurons transmit electrical impulses throughout the body.