34 Questions
What is the main principle behind Defense in Depth (DiD) strategy?
Relying on multiple layers of security measures
Which type of security controls involves rules and procedures to govern access to internal systems and sensitive data?
Administrative security controls
What does least-privilege access aim to achieve?
Reduce the risk of data breaches by limiting user access
What is the purpose of multi-factor authentication (MFA)?
Require multiple forms of authentication to confirm identity
What does network segmentation aim to prevent?
External users from accessing internal systems and data
What is the premise of zero trust security strategy?
It assumes threats are always present in networks and that no one or thing should be trusted by default.
What does NERC oversee in the context of energy compliance?
Compliance standards of utility companies
Which standard is responsible for the industry’s cybersecurity requirements and their impact on the smart grid?
Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) standard
What does the BES Cyber System refer to?
Cyber assets that require security
Which industry does PCI-DSS primarily govern?
Retail
What type of transactions are within the scope of PCI-DSS?
Point of sale (POS) transactions
What must retailers safeguard to protect against information theft?
PII (Personally Identifiable Information)
Which standards should be used to safeguard customer data in online storefronts according to the text?
ISO27001
What do all industries require to satisfy their compliance standards according to the text?
A systematic strategy
How long can it take to fulfill stringent compliance standards such as ISO27001 according to the text?
Many months
What does the term 'BES Cyber System' consist of according to the text?
Control units like SCADA and ICS
Which security approach is inherently layered?
Integrated security
What is the objective of a secure system according to the text?
To implement the necessary level of control to mitigate relevant dangers
How is security best viewed according to the text?
As a vector to follow instead of a destination to reach
What is the comparison made between software development and security in the text?
Both fields are constantly evolving with new methods and strategies
What is emphasized as essential throughout the programming process according to the text?
Application security
What does the text suggest about absolute statements of (in)security?
They are exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to make for any sufficiently sophisticated system
What does the text suggest about protection from dangers in a secure system?
It depends on context and relevant use cases
How does the text describe the relationship between vectors and security?
Security should be viewed as a vector with magnitude and direction to follow
What does the text suggest about viewing security as a culture?
It implies an ongoing approach to comprehending and responding to evolving environments
What is the distinction between layered security and integrated security?
A security plan may be layered, but cannot be integrated, whereas an integrated security strategy is inherently layered.
Why is it important to view security as a vector to follow instead of a destination to reach?
Vectors have a magnitude and a direction; the direction in which security will be pursued should be considered, as well as at what speed.
Why is it stated that an organization or system will never be totally 'secure'?
Security is a culture, lifestyle choice, and an ongoing approach to comprehending and responding to the environment around us.
Why is application security considered essential throughout the programming process?
Preventing harm from happening in the first place by building safe software from the beginning.
What does the text suggest about absolute statements of (in)security?
'Absolute statements of (in)security are exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to make for any sufficiently sophisticated system.'
What does NERC oversee in the context of energy compliance?
The reliability and security of bulk power systems in North America.
What must retailers safeguard to protect against information theft?
Customer data
What does least-privilege access aim to achieve?
Limits user access rights only to what are strictly required to perform their job functions.
What is the main principle behind Defense in Depth (DiD) strategy?
To have multiple layers of defense to protect against various types of attacks.
Study Notes
- Defense in Depth (DiD) is a cybersecurity strategy that employs multiple layers of security products and techniques to protect networks, web assets, and resources.
- It is also known as "layered security" due to its reliance on various solutions to secure physical, technological, and administrative control layers.
- Originally derived from a military strategy, DiD is not analogous to the military but involves many products collaborating to thwart attacks and risks.
- A DiD strategy is based on the premise that a single security product cannot protect a network against every attack.
- Layered security provides redundancy, meaning if one layer is compromised, further security measures can restrict and mitigate damage to the entire network.
- Physical security controls protect IT systems, buildings, and other physical assets from risks such as tampering and unlawful access.
- Technical security controls include hardware and software to prevent data breaches, DDoS attacks, and network and application-based vulnerabilities.
- Administrative security controls involve rules and procedures to govern access to internal systems, business resources, and sensitive data and applications.
- Least-privilege access allows users access only to the systems and resources they need to perform their duties, reducing the risk of data breaches.
- Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires multiple forms of authentication to confirm identity before granting access to a network or application.
- Encryption protects sensitive information from unauthorized or malicious parties.
- Network segmentation prevents external users from accessing internal systems and data by setting up separate wireless networks.
- Behavior analysis detects abnormal traffic patterns and attacks by contrasting user behavior with a baseline of typical behavior.
- Zero trust security is a strategy that assumes threats are always present in networks and that no one or thing should be trusted by default.
- Effective DiD requires layered security measures and integrated security procedures to safeguard against evolving cyber threats.
Test your knowledge of the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) and Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) standards in the energy industry, including cybersecurity requirements and the smart grid. Understand the various versions of CIP standards and their implications for utility companies.
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