Nephrourological and Male Genital Diseases Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the three main categories of kidney disease?

  • Nephritic Syndrome, Nephrotic Syndrome, Haematuria
  • Proliferative GN, Non-Proliferative GN, Glomerulosclerosis
  • Medical, Tumours, Others (correct)
  • Benign, Malignant, Glomeruli

Which of the following is NOT a congenital cause of renal pelvis and lower urinary tract disease?

  • VUR
  • Urothelial tumours
  • PUV
  • Urinary tract infection (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a type of glomerulonephritis?

  • Rapidly progressive GN
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Chronic renal failure (correct)
  • Membranoproliferative GN

What is the name of the condition that causes the kidneys to fail?

<p>Chronic renal Failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a type of kidney disease that affects the tubules of the kidneys.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypertension and vasculitis can both contribute to kidney disease.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of glomerular disease?

<p>Proliferative GN and Non-proliferative GN (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the possible causes of tubulointerstitial nephritis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of kidney disease is characterized by red blood cells in the urine?

<p>Haematuria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three types of proliferative GN?

<p>ADPGN, MPGN, MCD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of non-proliferative GN?

<p>IgAN and Crescentic GN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of glomerulonephritis to their descriptions:

<p>IgAN = Immune complex deposition in the mesangium of the glomeruli. Crescentic GN = Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with crescent formation in Bowman's capsule. RPGN = A rapidly progressive form of glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of acute tubular injury?

<p>Glomerulosclerosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for a kidney tumor?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cryptorchidism is a condition in which one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main categories of male genital system disorders?

<p>Congenital causes, Inflammation/Infection, Tumors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypospadias is a condition in which the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of tumor that can affect the testis?

<p>GCT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition in which the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis?

<p>Hypospadias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that causes the testicles to fail to descend into the scrotum?

<p>Cryptorchidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

STIs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acinar adenocarcinoma is a common type of prostate cancer.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Kidney Diseases

Conditions affecting the kidneys, encompassing various types like tumors, congenital anomalies, infections, and more.

Renal Pelvis & Lower Urinary Tract

Structures like the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra, susceptible to congenital issues, infections, and stones.

Congenital Anomalies

Birth defects in the renal pelvis and lower urinary tract.

Hydronephrosis

Kidney swelling due to obstructed urine flow.

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Infection of the urinary system, causing inflammation and discomfort.

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Renal Cell Carcinoma

A type of kidney cancer, a malignant tumour of renal cells.

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Nephritic Syndrome

Kidney disorder marked by blood in the urine, often associated with inflammation of the glomeruli.

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Nephrotic Syndrome

Kidney disease characterized by excessive protein loss in the urine.

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Glomeruli

Tiny filtering units within the kidneys.

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Tubulointerstitium

The kidney tissue surrounding the tubules.

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Hypertension

High blood pressure, potentially affecting the kidneys and/or cardiovascular health.

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Vasculitis

Inflammation of blood vessels in the kidneys.

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Acute Tubular Injury

Sudden damage to the kidney tubules, often due to toxins or lack of blood flow.

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Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

Inflammation of the kidney tubules and surrounding tissue, potentially caused by drugs.

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Pyelonephritis

Infection of the kidney itself.

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Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

Progressive loss of kidney function.

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Glomerulonephritis (GN)

Inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys.

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Rapidly Progressive GN (RPGN)

Severe form of inflammation in the glomeruli with rapid progression.

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Cryptorchidism

Undescended testicle.

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Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate gland.

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STI

Sexually transmitted infection, potentially affecting the male genital system.

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Hypospadias

Birth defect where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis instead of the tip.

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Benign Tumours

Non-cancerous growths.

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Malignant Tumours

Cancerous growths that can invade and spread to other areas.

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Study Notes

Nephrourological Diseases

  • Renal Pelvis and Lower Urinary Tract (Renal pelvis, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra):
    • Congenital causes
    • Inflammation/infection (e.g., PUV, VUR; urinary tract infection; urothelial tumors)
    • Calculi
    • Tumors

Male Genital System

  • Testis:
    • Congenital cryptorchidism
    • Inflammation/infection (tuberculosis, epididymo-orchitis)
    • Tumors (GCT, non-GCT, paratesticular tumors, torsion)
  • Prostate:
    • Prostatitis
    • STI
    • Adenocarcinoma
    • Condylomas acuminatum
    • Squamous cell carcinoma
    • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
  • Penis:
    • Hypospadias
    • STI
  • Others:
    • Glomerulonephritis (GN)
    • Chronic renal failure (CRF)
    • Rapidly progressive GN (RPGN)
    • Acute diffuse proliferative GN (ADPGN)
    • Membranoproliferative GN (MPGN)

Kidney

  • Benign:
    • Oncocytoma
    • Angiomyolipoma
  • Malignant:
    • Renal cell carcinoma
    • Nephroblastoma
  • Others:
    • Congenital anomalies
    • Cystic diseases
    • Hydronephrosis
  • Glomeruli:
    • Nephritic syndrome
    • Nephrotic syndrome
    • Haematuria
    • RPGN
    • Crescentric GN
    • Membranous glomerulonephritis (ADPGN, MCD, MPGN, FSGS, MN)
  • Tubulointerstitium:
    • Acute tubular injury
    • Pyelonephritis
    • Cast Nephropathy (e.g. Oxalate, light chain, urate)
    • Tubulointerstitial nephritis (e.g. Drugs)
  • Blood Vessels:
  • Hypertension
  • Vasculitis

Other Conditions

  • Tumors (Kidney, Renal Pelvis, Male Genital System)
  • Hypertension
  • Vasculitis
  • Acute tubular injury
  • Tubulointerstitial nephritis
  • Cast Nephropathy (e.g., oxalate, light chain, urate)
  • Pyelonephritis (acute/chronic)

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