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Questions and Answers
What is the hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome?
What is the hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome?
- Proteinuria (correct)
- Azotemia
- Hypertension
- Hematuria
Which of the following mechanisms contributes to proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome?
Which of the following mechanisms contributes to proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome?
- Damage to the glomerular basement membrane and podocytes (correct)
- Increased glomerular blood pressure
- Increased urinary concentrating ability
- Decreased renal blood flow
What is the characteristic of highly selective proteinuria?
What is the characteristic of highly selective proteinuria?
- No proteins are lost in the urine
- Both albumin and globulins are lost in the urine
- Only globulins are lost in the urine
- Only albumin is lost in the urine (correct)
What is the significance of heavy proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome?
What is the significance of heavy proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome?
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What is the definition of mild proteinuria?
What is the definition of mild proteinuria?
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What is the consequence of persistent proteinuria?
What is the consequence of persistent proteinuria?
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Study Notes
Proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome
Definition
- Proteinuria is a hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome, characterized by excessive protein excretion in the urine (>3.5 grams per day)
Mechanisms
- Increased permeability of the glomerular capillary wall, allowing proteins to leak into the urine
- Damage to the glomerular basement membrane and podocytes, leading to loss of selective permeability
- Altered charge and size selectivity, allowing large and negatively charged proteins to pass through
Types of Proteinuria
- Selectivity:
- Highly selective: mostly albumin is lost in the urine
- Non-selective: both albumin and globulins are lost in the urine
- Quantification:
- Mild: 1-3.5 grams/day
- Moderate: 3.5-10 grams/day
- Severe: >10 grams/day
Clinical Significance
- Heavy proteinuria is a key diagnostic criterion for nephrotic syndrome
- Proteinuria correlates with disease severity and prognosis
- Persistent proteinuria is a risk factor for progressive kidney disease
Proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome
Definition and Characteristics
- Proteinuria is a hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome, characterized by excessive protein excretion in the urine (>3.5 grams per day)
- It is a key diagnostic criterion for nephrotic syndrome
Mechanisms of Proteinuria
- Increased permeability of the glomerular capillary wall, allowing proteins to leak into the urine
- Damage to the glomerular basement membrane and podocytes, leading to loss of selective permeability
- Altered charge and size selectivity, allowing large and negatively charged proteins to pass through
Types of Proteinuria
Selectivity
- Highly selective proteinuria: mostly albumin is lost in the urine
- Non-selective proteinuria: both albumin and globulins are lost in the urine
Quantification
- Mild proteinuria: 1-3.5 grams/day
- Moderate proteinuria: 3.5-10 grams/day
- Severe proteinuria: >10 grams/day
Clinical Significance
- Proteinuria correlates with disease severity and prognosis
- Persistent proteinuria is a risk factor for progressive kidney disease
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Description
Learn about the mechanisms of proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome, including increased permeability of the glomerular capillary wall and damage to the glomerular basement membrane. Understand the concept of proteinuria and its significance in nephrotic syndrome.
