Podcast
Questions and Answers
What kind of hyponatraemia occurs when a patient continues to drink freely despite oliguria?
What kind of hyponatraemia occurs when a patient continues to drink freely despite oliguria?
- Dilutional hyponatraemia (correct)
- Hyperosmolar hyponatraemia
- Hypernatraemia
- Hypervolemic hyponatraemia
What happens if a patient receives inappropriate amounts of intravenous dextrose?
What happens if a patient receives inappropriate amounts of intravenous dextrose?
- Hypernatraemia develops
- Dilutional hyponatraemia develops (correct)
- Hypoglycaemia develops
- Hypokalemia develops
What is oliguria in the context of dilutional hyponatraemia?
What is oliguria in the context of dilutional hyponatraemia?
- Protein in the urine
- Scanty urine production (correct)
- Excessive urine production
- Blood in the urine
What can cause dilutional hyponatraemia according to the text?
What can cause dilutional hyponatraemia according to the text?
What is a characteristic of dilutional hyponatraemia?
What is a characteristic of dilutional hyponatraemia?
What is a common feature of ARF?
What is a common feature of ARF?
What is the initial symptom of 'Uraemic' features in ARF?
What is the initial symptom of 'Uraemic' features in ARF?
What is a severe complication of ARF?
What is a severe complication of ARF?
What is a neurological symptom of ARF?
What is a neurological symptom of ARF?
What is a gastrointestinal symptom of ARF?
What is a gastrointestinal symptom of ARF?
Why is it necessary to weigh the patient daily?
Why is it necessary to weigh the patient daily?
What is the significance of measuring fluid intake and urine output?
What is the significance of measuring fluid intake and urine output?
What is the limitation of measuring fluid intake and urine output?
What is the limitation of measuring fluid intake and urine output?
Why is daily weighing a useful adjunct to measuring fluid intake and urine output?
Why is daily weighing a useful adjunct to measuring fluid intake and urine output?
What is the purpose of monitoring fluid intake and urine output in a patient?
What is the purpose of monitoring fluid intake and urine output in a patient?
What is a consequence of rhabdomyolysis?
What is a consequence of rhabdomyolysis?
What is one of the conditions mentioned related to auto-toxins?
What is one of the conditions mentioned related to auto-toxins?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of vascular events?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of vascular events?
Which of these terms is associated with rhabdomyolysis?
Which of these terms is associated with rhabdomyolysis?
Which condition could lead to a major vascular occlusion?
Which condition could lead to a major vascular occlusion?
What condition can result in acute necrosis of renal tubular cells?
What condition can result in acute necrosis of renal tubular cells?
What factors can cause acute necrosis of renal tubular cells?
What factors can cause acute necrosis of renal tubular cells?
Which of the following is a typical cause of nephrotoxicity?
Which of the following is a typical cause of nephrotoxicity?
What type of patient is being discussed?
What type of patient is being discussed?
Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor in acute necrosis of renal tubular cells?
Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor in acute necrosis of renal tubular cells?
Study Notes
B-Dilutional Hyponatraemia
- Occurs when patients consume fluids excessively despite having oliguria (low urine output).
- Can also result from inappropriate intravenous dextrose administration.
D-Hypocalcaemia
- Common in acute renal failure (ARF) due to decreased renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (active form of vitamin D).
Uraemic Features in ARF
- Initial symptoms include anorexia, nausea, and vomiting.
- Can progress to neurological symptoms such as drowsiness, apathy, confusion, muscle twitching, hiccups, seizures, and coma.
- Daily weight measurement recommended to monitor fluid balance, as fluid intake and urine output measurements may be inaccurate.
Auto-Toxins in ARF
- Rhabdomyolysis can cause myoglobin release, leading to kidney injury.
- Myeloma cast nephropathy is another condition associated with kidney damage.
Vascular Events
- Major vascular occlusions can lead to acute renal failure.
- Important considerations in differential diagnosis for ARF in stable, non-septic patients.
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Characterized by acute damage to renal tubular cells.
- Can be induced by nephrotoxicity from chemical agents or bacterial infections, possibly in combination.
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Description
Test your knowledge on nephrology-related pathologies, including auto-toxins and vascular events that affect the kidneys. Learn about rhabdomyolysis, myeloma cast nephropathy, and major vascular occlusion.
