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Questions and Answers
What is the normal range for the Ponderal Index (PI)?
What is the normal range for the Ponderal Index (PI)?
- 2.0-2.5 (correct)
- 2.5-3.0
- 1.5-2.0
- 0.5-1.5
Which of the following is NOT a recognized cause for a Large for Gestational Age (LGA) infant?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized cause for a Large for Gestational Age (LGA) infant?
- Maternal hyperglycemia
- Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome
- Constitutional factors
- Diabetes Insipidus (correct)
Which birth injury is specifically associated with a brachial plexus injury during delivery?
Which birth injury is specifically associated with a brachial plexus injury during delivery?
- Cephalhematoma
- Clavicle fracture from N.C. delivery (correct)
- Humerus fracture from Cesarean section
- All of the above
Which condition is characterized by a fetal response to maternal hypoglycemia?
Which condition is characterized by a fetal response to maternal hypoglycemia?
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Which of the following is a common problem encountered in pre-term infants?
Which of the following is a common problem encountered in pre-term infants?
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Study Notes
Ponderal Index (PI)
- Formula for calculating PI: PI = weight (in g) / (length (in cm))^3 x 100
- Normal PI range is between 2 and 2.5
Large for Gestational Age (LGA)
- Defined as birth weight or length greater than the 90th percentile
Causes of LGA
- Constitutional Factors: Genetic predisposition
- Infant of Diabetic Mother: Fetal exposure to maternal diabetes leads to complications
- Maternal hypoglycemia results in fetal hyperglycemia
- This triggers fetal hyperinsulinemia
- Associated condition: Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome leading to hyperinsulinism
Problems Associated with LGA
- Birth Injuries: Higher incidence observed
- Cephalhematoma: Collection of blood between the skull and periosteum
- Brachial Plexus Injury: Damage during delivery
- Frequently linked to clavicle fracture during C.N. deliveries
- Humerus fractures more common in Cesarean sections
- Polycythemia: Increased red blood cell concentration
- Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels post-birth
Pre-Term Child
- Prematurity is a significant factor in neonatal care and outcomes.
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