Neonates and Infants Development

Study Notes

A neonate is from birth to 1 month old, with vital signs (V/S) of RR: 40-60, HR: 140-160, BP: 70 systolic.
At 1 month, V/S are RR: 30-40, HR: 100-160, BP: 70-90 systolic.
At 1 year, V/S are RR: 20-30, HR: 100-120, BP: 90 systolic.
Neonates typically weigh 3-3.5 kg, with their head accounting for 25% of their weight.
Until 4 weeks, neonates are primarily nose breathers.
Fontanelles should never be pressed.
Infants at 2 months track objects, focus on objects 8-12 inches away, recognize faces, display emotions, recognize sounds, and move in response to stimuli.
Infants at 6 months sit up in a high chair, make one-syllable sounds, raise their upper body when on their stomach, grasp toys, follow moving objects, push down with their legs, and babble.
Infants at 12 months walk, know their name, sit without assistance, crawl, respond to "no", say "mama" and "dada", use objects, and finger feed themselves.

Toddlers (1-3 years old) have V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 80-130, BP: 70-100 systolic.
Preschool-aged children (3-6 years old) have V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 80-120, BP: 80-120 systolic.
Toddlers at 3 years old walk, run, pull and carry things while walking, climb on furniture and stairs, and recognize names and faces.
Preschool-aged children at 6 years old hop, jump, swing, dress themselves, use forks and spoons, count to 10, and draw.

School-age children are 6-12 years old, with V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 70-110, BP: 80-120 systolic.
They identify EMTs as people who can help and may have unrealistic expectations of what EMTs can do.
Reassure and stay honest with school-age children during assessments.

Adolescents are 12-18 years old, with V/S of RR: 12-20, HR: 55-105, BP: 100-120 systolic.
They believe they are invulnerable and may engage in risky behaviors.
Want to be treated like adults and may benefit from private interviews.

Early adulthood (20-40 years old) V/S are RR: 16-20, HR: 70, BP: 120/80.
Middle adulthood (41-60 years old) V/S are RR: 16-20, HR: 70, BP: 120/80.
Late adulthood (61-120 years old) V/S vary depending on health issues; they often do not want to go to the hospital and may prefer SNF or retirement communities, fighting to keep their independence.

A neonate is from birth to 1 month old, with vital signs (V/S) of RR: 40-60, HR: 140-160, BP: 70 systolic.
At 1 month, V/S are RR: 30-40, HR: 100-160, BP: 70-90 systolic.
At 1 year, V/S are RR: 20-30, HR: 100-120, BP: 90 systolic.
Neonates typically weigh 3-3.5 kg, with their head accounting for 25% of their weight.
Until 4 weeks, neonates are primarily nose breathers.
Fontanelles should never be pressed.
Infants at 2 months track objects, focus on objects 8-12 inches away, recognize faces, display emotions, recognize sounds, and move in response to stimuli.
Infants at 6 months sit up in a high chair, make one-syllable sounds, raise their upper body when on their stomach, grasp toys, follow moving objects, push down with their legs, and babble.
Infants at 12 months walk, know their name, sit without assistance, crawl, respond to "no", say "mama" and "dada", use objects, and finger feed themselves.

Toddlers (1-3 years old) have V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 80-130, BP: 70-100 systolic.
Preschool-aged children (3-6 years old) have V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 80-120, BP: 80-120 systolic.
Toddlers at 3 years old walk, run, pull and carry things while walking, climb on furniture and stairs, and recognize names and faces.
Preschool-aged children at 6 years old hop, jump, swing, dress themselves, use forks and spoons, count to 10, and draw.

School-age children are 6-12 years old, with V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 70-110, BP: 80-120 systolic.
They identify EMTs as people who can help and may have unrealistic expectations of what EMTs can do.
Reassure and stay honest with school-age children during assessments.

Adolescents are 12-18 years old, with V/S of RR: 12-20, HR: 55-105, BP: 100-120 systolic.
They believe they are invulnerable and may engage in risky behaviors.
Want to be treated like adults and may benefit from private interviews.

Early adulthood (20-40 years old) V/S are RR: 16-20, HR: 70, BP: 120/80.
Middle adulthood (41-60 years old) V/S are RR: 16-20, HR: 70, BP: 120/80.
Late adulthood (61-120 years old) V/S vary depending on health issues; they often do not want to go to the hospital and may prefer SNF or retirement communities, fighting to keep their independence.