Neonates and Infants Development

Neonates and Infants

• A neonate is from birth to 1 month old, with vital signs (V/S) of RR: 40-60, HR: 140-160, BP: 70 systolic.
• At 1 month, V/S are RR: 30-40, HR: 100-160, BP: 70-90 systolic.
• At 1 year, V/S are RR: 20-30, HR: 100-120, BP: 90 systolic.
• Neonates typically weigh 3-3.5 kg, with their head accounting for 25% of their weight.
• Until 4 weeks, neonates are primarily nose breathers.
• Fontanelles should never be pressed.
• Infants at 2 months track objects, focus on objects 8-12 inches away, recognize faces, display emotions, recognize sounds, and move in response to stimuli.
• Infants at 6 months sit up in a high chair, make one-syllable sounds, raise their upper body when on their stomach, grasp toys, follow moving objects, push down with their legs, and babble.
• Infants at 12 months walk, know their name, sit without assistance, crawl, respond to "no", say "mama" and "dada", use objects, and finger feed themselves.

Toddlers and Preschool-Aged

• Toddlers (1-3 years old) have V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 80-130, BP: 70-100 systolic.
• Preschool-aged children (3-6 years old) have V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 80-120, BP: 80-120 systolic.
• Toddlers at 3 years old walk, run, pull and carry things while walking, climb on furniture and stairs, and recognize names and faces.
• Preschool-aged children at 6 years old hop, jump, swing, dress themselves, use forks and spoons, count to 10, and draw.

School-Age

• School-age children are 6-12 years old, with V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 70-110, BP: 80-120 systolic.
• They identify EMTs as people who can help and may have unrealistic expectations of what EMTs can do.
• Reassure and stay honest with school-age children during assessments.

Adolescents

• Adolescents are 12-18 years old, with V/S of RR: 12-20, HR: 55-105, BP: 100-120 systolic.
• They believe they are invulnerable and may engage in risky behaviors.
• Want to be treated like adults and may benefit from private interviews.

Adulthood

• Early adulthood (20-40 years old) V/S are RR: 16-20, HR: 70, BP: 120/80.
• Middle adulthood (41-60 years old) V/S are RR: 16-20, HR: 70, BP: 120/80.
• Late adulthood (61-120 years old) V/S vary depending on health issues; they often do not want to go to the hospital and may prefer SNF or retirement communities, fighting to keep their independence.

Neonates and Infants

• A neonate is from birth to 1 month old, with vital signs (V/S) of RR: 40-60, HR: 140-160, BP: 70 systolic.
• At 1 month, V/S are RR: 30-40, HR: 100-160, BP: 70-90 systolic.
• At 1 year, V/S are RR: 20-30, HR: 100-120, BP: 90 systolic.
• Neonates typically weigh 3-3.5 kg, with their head accounting for 25% of their weight.
• Until 4 weeks, neonates are primarily nose breathers.
• Fontanelles should never be pressed.
• Infants at 2 months track objects, focus on objects 8-12 inches away, recognize faces, display emotions, recognize sounds, and move in response to stimuli.
• Infants at 6 months sit up in a high chair, make one-syllable sounds, raise their upper body when on their stomach, grasp toys, follow moving objects, push down with their legs, and babble.
• Infants at 12 months walk, know their name, sit without assistance, crawl, respond to "no", say "mama" and "dada", use objects, and finger feed themselves.

Toddlers and Preschool-Aged

• Toddlers (1-3 years old) have V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 80-130, BP: 70-100 systolic.
• Preschool-aged children (3-6 years old) have V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 80-120, BP: 80-120 systolic.
• Toddlers at 3 years old walk, run, pull and carry things while walking, climb on furniture and stairs, and recognize names and faces.
• Preschool-aged children at 6 years old hop, jump, swing, dress themselves, use forks and spoons, count to 10, and draw.

School-Age

• School-age children are 6-12 years old, with V/S of RR: 20-30, HR: 70-110, BP: 80-120 systolic.
• They identify EMTs as people who can help and may have unrealistic expectations of what EMTs can do.
• Reassure and stay honest with school-age children during assessments.

Adolescents

• Adolescents are 12-18 years old, with V/S of RR: 12-20, HR: 55-105, BP: 100-120 systolic.
• They believe they are invulnerable and may engage in risky behaviors.
• Want to be treated like adults and may benefit from private interviews.

Adulthood

• Early adulthood (20-40 years old) V/S are RR: 16-20, HR: 70, BP: 120/80.
• Middle adulthood (41-60 years old) V/S are RR: 16-20, HR: 70, BP: 120/80.
• Late adulthood (61-120 years old) V/S vary depending on health issues; they often do not want to go to the hospital and may prefer SNF or retirement communities, fighting to keep their independence.