Nematode Quizbee Review
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Questions and Answers

Which nematode is primarily known for causing infection through the ingestion of contaminated food or water?

  • Wuchereria bancrofti
  • Enterobius vermicularis
  • Trichinella spiralis (correct)
  • Ancylostoma duodenale
  • What symptom is most commonly associated with infection from Ancylostoma duodenale?

  • Skin rashes
  • Fever and chills
  • Severe diarrhea
  • Iron-deficiency anemia (correct)
  • Which of the following nematodes is known for being transmitted via a fecal-oral route and can lead to severe intestinal disturbances?

  • Trichuris trichiura (correct)
  • Strongyloides stercoralis
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Necator americanus
  • What is the unique feature of the filariform larva in Strongyloides stercoralis regarding its infection mechanism?

    <p>It can penetrate human skin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nematode is directly related to the development of lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Wuchereria bancrofti (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is most effective for identifying Enterobius vermicularis eggs?

    <p>Cellophane tape test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary larval form of Trichinella spiralis responsible for causing infection?

    <p>Encysted larva (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of chronic infection with Ascaris lumbricoides?

    <p>Intestinal obstruction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do humans become infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm)?

    <p>Ingestion of undercooked snails or slugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathological effect of Ascaris lumbricoides migrating through the lungs?

    <p>Pneumonitis and eosinophilic response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is recommended for Wuchereria bancrofti infection?

    <p>Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of Trichuris trichiura develops in the soil before becoming infective to humans?

    <p>Embryonated egg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nematode is capable of autoinfection in humans, allowing persistent infections for years?

    <p>Strongyloides stercoralis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing morphological feature of Ancylostoma duodenale compared to Necator americanus?

    <p>Buccal capsule with teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of infection with Ascaris lumbricoides?

    <p>Respiratory difficulty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term consequence of untreated Wuchereria bancrofti infection?

    <p>Lymphatic filariasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nematode's life cycle includes both direct and indirect development with free-living and parasitic phases?

    <p>Strongyloides stercoralis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key diagnostic feature of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>Eosinophilia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nematode can cause rectal prolapse in heavy infections, particularly in children?

    <p>Trichuris trichiura (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily affected in severe Trichinella spiralis infection?

    <p>Skeletal muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum infective dose for Ascaris lumbricoides eggs to establish infection in humans?

    <p>1 egg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of controlling filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti?

    <p>Mass drug administration (MDA) programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a paratenic host play in the life cycle of Angiostrongylus cantonensis?

    <p>Enhances transmission to humans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of a Trichuris trichiura infection?

    <p>Abdominal pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Whipworm

    The common name for the parasitic roundworm Trichuris trichiura.

    Pinworm transmission

    Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) is spread through the fecal-oral route, typically by contaminated hands or objects.

    Strongyloides penetration

    The filariform larva of Strongyloides stercoralis has a stylet, a piercing structure that allows it to penetrate human skin.

    Lymphatic filariasis

    Wuchereria bancrofti is the nematode species responsible for lymphatic filariasis, a debilitating disease that affects the lymphatic system.

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    Hookworm infection symptom

    Hookworm infection caused by Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus commonly leads to iron-deficiency anemia.

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    Trichinella spiralis stage

    The larval stage of Trichinella spiralis is encysted in striated muscles of a host.

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    Enterobius vermicularis egg detection

    The cellophane tape test is a diagnostic technique used to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs.

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    Nematode diagnostic techniques

    Various diagnostic techniques are used to identify nematode infections, including stool microscopy, Knott's concentration technique, and serological testing.

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    Rat Lungworm Infection

    Humans get infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) by ingesting undercooked snails or slugs that carry the parasite.

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    Ascaris lumbricoides Lung Migration

    The primary pathological effect of Ascaris lumbricoides migrating through the lungs is pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs) and an eosinophilic response (increased white blood cells called eosinophils).

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    Treatment for Wuchereria bancrofti

    Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is the recommended treatment for Wuchereria bancrofti infection, which causes lymphatic filariasis.

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    Infectious Stage of Trichuris trichiura

    The embryonated egg of Trichuris trichiura develops in the soil and becomes infective to humans.

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    Autoinfection in Nematodes

    Strongyloides stercoralis is the nematode capable of autoinfection in humans, allowing persistent infections for years.

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    Ancylostoma duodenale vs. Necator americanus

    The distinguishing morphological feature of Ancylostoma duodenale compared to Necator americanus is its buccal capsule with teeth.

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    Cellophane Tape Test

    The cellophane tape test is a diagnostic method for detecting pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) infection. It involves collecting a sample of tape from the anal area to look for eggs under a microscope.

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    Strongyloides stercoralis life cycle

    The life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis involves both direct and indirect development, with free-living and parasitic phases. In the direct cycle, larvae develop directly into adults in the host's intestine. In the indirect cycle, larvae mature in the soil and infect the host through the skin.

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    Angiostrongylus cantonensis diagnostic feature

    The presence of adult worms in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the key diagnostic feature of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.

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    Trichuris trichiura infection

    Heavy infections of Trichuris trichiura can lead to rectal prolapse, particularly in children.

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    Trichinella spiralis infection

    Severe Trichinella spiralis infection primarily affects skeletal muscles, leading to muscle pain, weakness, and inflammation.

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    Ascaris lumbricoides infective dose

    The minimum infective dose for Ascaris lumbricoides eggs to establish infection in humans is just 1 egg.

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    Wuchereria bancrofti control

    Mass drug administration (MDA) programs are the primary method of controlling filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti.

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    Paratenic host role

    A paratenic host is an animal that harbors a parasite but does not allow it to mature or reproduce. In the life cycle of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a paratenic host, such as a snail, allows the parasite to survive and accumulate until it is consumed by a definitive host, like a rat, where it can mature.

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    Angiostrongylus cantonensis life cycle

    The life cycle of Angiostrongylus cantonensis involves both direct and indirect development with free-living and parasitic phases. The larvae develop in a snail, then infect a paratenic host, such as a rat, and finally reach the definitive host, often a human, through the consumption of infected snails.

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    Study Notes

    Nematode Quizbee Review

    • Question 1 (Easy): The whipworm is Trichuris trichiura.

    • Question 2 (Easy): Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) transmission is fecal-oral via contaminated hands/objects.

    • Question 3 (Easy): Strongyloides stercoralis penetrates human skin using filariform larva.

    • Question 4 (Easy): Lymphatic filariasis is associated with Wuchereria bancrofti.

    • Question 5 (Easy): The common clinical manifestation of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infection is iron-deficiency anemia.

    • Question 6 (Medium): The stage of Trichinella spiralis encysted in striated muscles is larva.

    • Question 7 (Medium): Enterobius vermicularis eggs are detected using the cellophane tape test.

    • Question 8 (Medium): Humans become infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) by ingesting undercooked snails or slugs.

    • Question 9 (Medium): The primary pathological effect of Ascaris lumbricoides migrating through the lungs is pneumonitis and eosinophilic response.

    • Question 10 (Medium): The recommended treatment for Wuchereria bancrofti infection is Diethylcarbamazine (DEC).

    • Question 11 (Difficult): The Trichuris trichiura stage that develops in soil before human infection is the embryonated egg.

    • Question 12 (Difficult): Strongyloides stercoralis is capable of causing persistent autoinfections in humans.

    • Question 13 (Difficult): The distinguishing morphological feature of Ancylostoma duodenale compared to Necator americanus is the buccal capsule with teeth.

    • Question 14 (Difficult): Strongyloides stercoralis has a life cycle that includes both direct and indirect development with free-living and parasitic phases.

    • Question 15 (Difficult): The key diagnostic feature of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is eosinophilia.

    • Question 16 (Difficult): Trichuris trichiura can cause rectal prolapse in children with heavy infections.

    • Question 17 (Difficult): Severe Trichinella spiralis infection primarily affects skeletal muscles.

    • Question 18 (Difficult): The minimum infective dose of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in humans is 1 egg.

    • Question 19 (Difficult): The primary method for controlling Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis is mass drug administration (MDA) programs.

    • Question 20 (Difficult): A paratenic host harbors infective larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis but does not allow further development.

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