Nematoda and Flatworms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the body structure of Nematoda?

  • Cylindrical and unsegmented (correct)
  • Segmentation
  • Irregular shape
  • Flat and segmented

All nematodes are parasitic and cannot live freely.

False (B)

Name one example of a nematode that is known to be a human parasite.

Ascaris lumbricoides

Nematodes are classified as ___ due to their body cavity structure.

<p>pseudocoelomates</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following classes of Nematoda with their features:

<p>Chromadorea = Amphids are pore-like/slit-like Enoplea = Amphids are pocket-like for smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of symmetry do nematodes exhibit?

<p>Bilateral symmetry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a stylet in nematodes?

<p>Piercing mouthpart for feeding and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of flatworms is characterized by being free-living?

<p>Class Turbellaria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flatworms exhibit radial symmetry.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of digestive system do flatworms possess?

<p>incomplete digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first multicellular organism with a fully sequenced genome is _.

<p>C. elegans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their causative agents:

<p>Filariasis = Wuchereria bancrofti Ascariasis = Ascaris lumbricoides Trichinosis = Trichinella spiralis Schistosomiasis = Schistosoma mansoni</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of flame cells in the excretory system of flatworms?

<p>Fluid waste removal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of the reproductive system in flatworms?

<p>mostly monoecious, hermaphroditic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parasitic nematodes have a complex life cycle involving intermediate and definitive hosts.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parasitic flatworms belong to the class _.

<p>Monogenea</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of mollusks is characterized by having a cap-shaped shell and typically inhabits deep-water environments?

<p>Class Monoplacophora (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All arthropods have a closed circulatory system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes Class Bivalvia from other classes of mollusks?

<p>Two shells and no head.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is the basic larval stage found in many mollusks.

<p>trochophore</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following classes of mollusks to their characteristics:

<p>Class Gastropoda = Univalve, torsion causes visceral asymmetry Class Cephalopoda = Head with tentacles, jet propulsion Class Polyplacophora = Eight dorsal plates Class Bivalvia = Two shells, filter feeders</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which tapeworms absorb nutrients from their host?

<p>By using hooks and suckers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tapeworm lifecycle only involves definitive hosts, which are typically humans.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two examples of species that belong to the Taenia genus?

<p>Taenia solium and Taenia saginata</p> Signup and view all the answers

Schistosomiasis is caused by the _____ species.

<p>Schistosoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the parasitic diseases to their corresponding symptoms:

<p>Schistosomiasis = Abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in urine or stool Taeniasis = Abdominal pain, nutrient deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

What practical measure can help prevent schistosomiasis?

<p>Using molluscicides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tapeworms have a well-developed digestive system to process food.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for schistosomiasis?

<p>Praziquantel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Annelids have a _____ circulatory system that is closed.

<p>closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures are found in the Class Cestoda?

<p>Scolex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the class Polychaeta?

<p>Free-living or tube-dwelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Earthworms have a clitellum which is used for mucus secretion during reproduction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nephridia in the excretory system of annelids?

<p>To collect and expel wastes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is a dorsal epithelium that secretes the shell in mollusks.

<p>mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the class of annelids to its characteristic:

<p>Class Polychaeta = Largest group of annelids Class Clitellata = Includes earthworms and leeches Subclass Oligochaeta = Few setae, terrestrial or freshwater Subclass Hirudinea = Uses anticoagulants and has a posterior sucker</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the body structure of mollusks?

<p>Body parts include head, visceral mass, and muscular foot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sludge worms are an indicator species that thrive in clean waters.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic use do earthworms have?

<p>Vermiculture for fertilizers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The largest group of annelids with over 10,000 species is called __________.

<p>Class Polychaeta</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with their respective groups:

<p>Snails = Mollusca Earthworms = Clitellata Leeches = Hirudinea Nereis sp. = Polychaeta</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nematode

A cylindrical, unsegmented worm belonging to the phylum Nematoda, commonly known as roundworms, threadworms, or nematodes.

Pseudocoelom

A body cavity that is not completely lined by mesoderm, found in nematodes.

Cuticle

A protective, non-cellular covering that protects the nematode's body.

Stylet

A piercing mouthpart used for feeding and secretion in some nematodes.

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Complete Digestive System

A digestive system with both a mouth and an anus. In nematodes, it allows for efficient food intake and waste removal.

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Gonochoristic

Having separate sexes, as in nematodes.

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Model Organism

An organism used in research to study biological processes, such as C. elegans in nematode research.

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Flatworms

A diverse phylum of animals with a flattened, unsegmented body and bilateral symmetry. They are triploblastic and acoelomate, meaning they have three germ layers and lack a body cavity.

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Planaria

A free-living flatworm belonging to the class Turbellaria, known for its regenerative abilities and predatory lifestyle.

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Schistosomiasis

A parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (Schistosoma species) that affects the liver, intestines, and bladder, transmitted through contact with contaminated water.

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Monoecious

A term describing organisms that have both male and female reproductive organs, such as many flatworms.

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Flame Cells

Specialized cells found in the excretory system of flatworms, responsible for removing waste and excess fluid from the body.

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Eumetazoan

Animals with true tissues, characterized by specialized cells organized into distinct tissues and organs. Flatworms belong to this group.

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Cephalization

The concentration of sensory organs and nerves at the anterior end of an animal's body, forming a head. This is prominent in flatworms.

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Parasitic Flatworms

Flatworms that live and feed within or on the body of another organism (host), often causing diseases.

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What is a 'radula'?

A cuticular band of teeth in the esophagus of most mollusks used for scraping food. It is absent in bivalves.

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What are 'ctenidia'?

Gills found in mollusks used for gas exchange in aquatic species. They are specialized, feathery structures that increase surface area for efficient oxygen absorption.

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What is 'torsion'?

A developmental process in gastropods where the visceral mass rotates 180 degrees, resulting in a twisting of the body and an asymmetric arrangement of internal organs.

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What are 'chromatophores'?

Specialized pigment cells found in cephalopods, allowing them to rapidly change color and patterns for camouflage, communication, and display.

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What are 'metanephridia'?

Specialized excretory organs in mollusks that filter waste products from the blood and release them as urine.

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Cestoda

A class of parasitic flatworms commonly known as tapeworms. They have a scolex (head) with hooks and suckers, and a segmented body composed of proglottids.

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Proglottids

The individual segments of a tapeworm's body, each containing reproductive organs.

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Parasitic Adaptation

Traits developed by parasitic organisms to survive and reproduce within a host, often involving complex life cycles and specialized structures.

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Intermediate Host

An organism that harbors a parasite during a stage of its life cycle, but does not mature in this host.

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Definitive Host

The organism in which a parasite reaches its adult stage and reproduces sexually.

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Taeniasis

A parasitic disease caused by tapeworms, usually transmitted by consuming undercooked meat.

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Metameres or Somites

The individual segments of an annelid's body, each containing its own set of organs.

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Parapodia

Paired, fleshy outgrowths on the body segments of some annelids, used for gas exchange or movement.

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Annelid Body Plan

Segmented worms with a closed circulatory system, a digestive system with a mouth and anus, and a body cavity called a coelom.

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Annelid Reproduction

Can be hermaphroditic (both male and female reproductive organs) or dioecious (separate sexes). Earthworms have a clitellum, a specialized structure for mucus secretion during reproduction.

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Annelid Nervous System

Has a simple brain (cerebral ganglia) and double ventral nerve cords. Contains sensory organs for detecting light, touch, and vibrations.

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What are Polychaetes?

The largest group of annelids with parapodia, bristle-like appendages for movement and gas exchange. They can be free-living or live in tubes.

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Oligochaetes: Earthworms

Terrestrial or freshwater annelids with few setae (bristles). They play a key role in soil fertility and aeration.

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Hirudinea: Leeches

Annelids with a posterior sucker and razor-like jaws in some species. They use anticoagulants and anesthetics.

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Annelids: Ecological Roles

Earthworms aerate the soil and decompose organic matter. Other annelids recycle organic matter in marine and freshwater habitats.

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Annelids: Economic Importance

Earthworms are used in vermiculture for fertilizers. Medicinal leeches are used for anticoagulation and promoting tissue healing.

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Annelids as Indicator Species

Some annelids, like sludge worms, thrive in polluted water and indicate pollution levels.

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Definition of Mollusca

Soft-bodied invertebrates often possessing shells. They are the second most abundant animal group, with diverse forms found in various environments.

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Study Notes

Phylum Nematoda

  • Common Names: Roundworms, threadworms, nematodes
  • Etymology: Derived from Greek words nema (thread) and odes (resembling)
  • Habitat: Ubiquitous – terrestrial, aquatic; free-living or parasitic
  • Body Size: Microscopic (82µm) to macroscopic (>8m)
  • Body Structure: Cylindrical, unsegmented; pseudocoelomate (with a body cavity); covered by a protective cuticle

Characteristics

  • Tissue Type: Eumetazoan (true tissues)
  • Germ Layers: Triploblastic (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
  • Symmetry: Bilateral symmetry
  • Digestive System: Complete (mouth and anus)
  • Excretory System: Poorly developed; includes excretory pore
  • Circulatory System: Absent; relies on diffusion
  • Nervous System: Nerve cords, ganglia, paired sense organs (amphids anterior; phasmids posterior)
  • Reproduction: Sexual (gonochoristic – separate sexes), internal fertilization; males often have hooked posterior ends

Adaptations

  • Cuticle: Noncellular protective covering
  • Stylet: Piercing mouthpart for feeding and secretion
  • Valve: Regulates food movement, prevents regurgitation
  • Movement: Whip-like motion due to longitudinal muscles

Classes and Examples

Class Chromadorea

  • Features: Amphids (pore-like/slit-like), phasmids present or absent, esophagus with 3–5 glands
  • Examples:
    • Ascaris lumbricoides (intestinal roundworm; human parasite)
    • Wuchereria bancrofti (causes filariasis/elephantiasis)
    • Caenorhabditis elegans (model organism for genetics, aging, and neuroscience)

Class Enoplea

  • Features: Amphids (pocket-like for smell), phasmids present, bottle-shaped esophagus
  • Examples:
    • Trichinella spiralis (pork worm; causes trichinosis)

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structure, classification, and characteristics of Nematoda and flatworms. This quiz covers topics such as parasitic adaptations, symmetry, and digestive systems. Perfect for biology students focusing on invertebrate zoology.

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