Nelson Mandela: Against Discrimination and South Africa

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Questions and Answers

What was a primary grievance expressed by Nelson Mandela regarding the white domination he perceived?

  • The lack of access to advanced technology in South Africa.
  • The imposition of high taxes on black-owned businesses.
  • The forced assimilation of indigenous cultures into European society.
  • The denial of voting rights and land ownership for his people. (correct)

Which of the following best describes the geographical features of South Africa?

  • Primarily dense rainforests with few open plains.
  • A combination of coastal lands, plains, plateaus, mountains, rivers, and deserts. (correct)
  • A uniform landscape of flat, arid desert.
  • Predominantly icy tundra with minimal vegetation.

What was implied as a major reason for European interest in South Africa?

  • The potential for establishing large-scale agricultural plantations.
  • The strategic location for naval dominance in the Indian Ocean.
  • The country's wealth from agrarian lands, mines, weather and human resources. (correct)
  • The abundance of easily accessible freshwater reserves.

Based on Mandela's statement, what concern did he express about receiving a fair trial?

<p>The same racial discrimination that caused injustice in the past might influence the court's decision. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ocean(s) border South Africa?

<p>Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the political status of Nelson Mandela's people, according to his statement?

<p>They were without land and lacked voting rights due to the current parliament. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation for the British to colonize South Africa?

<p>To acquire land, wealth, and establish dominance, also to make it a temporary point of halt on their journey to Asia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which continent is South Africa located in?

<p>Africa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which European power initially established a significant colony in South Africa during the 17th century?

<p>The Dutch established Cape Town as a major colony. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Mandela, what was the condition of the reserves where his people were forced to live?

<p>Overpopulated and overstocked, leading to poverty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the duration of Nelson Mandela's imprisonment for his fight against racial discrimination?

<p>Three decades (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the geographical significance of the Cape of Good Hope?

<p>It provided a sea route to Asia, circumnavigating Africa. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The descendants of Dutch, French, and German settlers in South Africa are known as?

<p>Boers/Afrikaners (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of South Africa's location contributes to its unique geographical features?

<p>Its location at the southernmost tip of a continent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Colonisation' refer to in the context of the provided content?

<p>The political, social, economic and cultural domination and control of one country over another region and its people. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tribal groups were the first inhabitants of South Africa according to the content?

<p>San and Xhosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what century had the British arrived in South Africa and began establishing their presence as a colonial power?

<p>18th century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What broader historical context is linked to European powers sailing around the Cape of Good Hope?

<p>The search for new sources of raw materials and markets for goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term did the Dutch settlers ('Boers') eventually adopt for themselves and their language?

<p>Afrikaner/Afrikaans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the British to seize the Cape Colony from the Dutch?

<p>To gain control of a strategic location, and access to resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event prompted the Boers to undertake the Great Trek?

<p>Restrictions imposed on the Dutch language and the abolition of slavery by the British. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a Boer Republic established following the Great Trek?

<p>Cape Colony (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggered the Second Boer War?

<p>Disagreements over control of gold mines and voting rights for British laborers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Treaty of Vereeniging?

<p>It formalized Boer approval of British sovereignty and established the Union of South Africa. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key consequence of the formation of the Union of South Africa under British control?

<p>The British and Afrikaners received high consideration, while fundamental rights were denied to black people. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary economic importance of South Africa towards the end of the 19th century?

<p>It became the largest producer of gold and diamonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What demand made by the British to the Boer administrators directly preceded the Second Boer War?

<p>The right to vote for British laborers in the gold mines. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the outcome of the First Boer War?

<p>The Boers won the battle and formed the Republic of South Africa, merging Transvaal and nearby regions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial British action that sparked the First Boer War (1880-81)?

<p>The capture of Transvaal to extend British reign. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What long-term impact did the discovery of gold and diamonds have on South Africa?

<p>It made South Africa susceptible to larger conflicts because of its resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Racial Discrimination

A practice that treats people differently based on their race.

Nelson Mandela

A freedom fighter who fought against racial oppression in South Africa.

Oppression

Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment.

South Africa's Geography

Located at the southernmost tip of Africa with diverse features.

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Indian Ocean

An ocean bordering the eastern coast of South Africa.

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Atlantic Ocean

An ocean bordering the western coast of South Africa.

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Imprisonment

Being confined in prison as a punishment.

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Emancipation

The process of being set free from restrictions.

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Features of South Africa

Includes coastal lands, plains, mountains, rivers, and deserts.

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Bordering Countries

Countries that share a boundary with South Africa.

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Cape of Good Hope

The southernmost tip of the African continent, located on the Atlantic Ocean.

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Colonisation

The political, social, economic, and cultural domination of one country over another.

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San and Xhosa

The first tribal inhabitants of South Africa.

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Dutch arrival

The Dutch became influential in South Africa by the 17th century.

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British colonisation

The British sought to control South Africa for land and wealth in the 18th century.

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Boers

Descendants of Dutch, French, and German settlers in South Africa.

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Afrikaner

A term for the Boers and their language and culture.

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Great Trek

The movement of Boers away from British rule in the 1830s.

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Cape Town

A major colony established by the Dutch in South Africa.

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European expeditions

The voyages undertaken by Europeans to explore and colonise new lands.

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Cape Colony Language Policy

Restrictions placed on the Dutch language, making English the sole language.

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The Great Trek

The exodus of the Boers to escape British policies.

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Boer Republics

Independent states established by Boers in South Africa.

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First Boer War

The conflict (1880-81) where the Boers won over the British for control of Transvaal.

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Second Boer War

War sparked by disputes over gold mine control and voting rights.

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Treaty of Vereeniging

Agreement ending the Second Boer War, approving British sovereignty.

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Union of South Africa

Autonomous territory formed under British control post-Boer Wars.

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Voortrekkers

The Afrikaners who migrated during the Great Trek.

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Gold and Diamond Discovery

Findings that made South Africa the largest producer of these resources.

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Racial Rights Denial

Disenfranchisement of black people in the new Union of South Africa.

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Study Notes

Against Discrimination

  • Nelson Mandela felt oppressed by white domination in court
  • He felt voteless due to the same white domination
  • His people were without land and forced into poverty-stricken reserves
  • He questioned how he could be expected to believe racial discrimination was just
  • He argued that suffering from discrimination had been happening for years
  • He wanted a fair and open trial
  • This was the Pretoria Trial of Nelson Mandela in 1962

South Africa: Location, Geographical Features

  • South Africa is located at the southernmost tip of the African continent
  • It borders the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean
  • It has diverse geographical features, including broad coastal lands and vast plains

The Cape of Good Hope

  • Located at the southernmost tip of Africa
  • Important for European navigators seeking passage to Asia
  • Europeans sailed around Africa to Asia via the Atlantic Ocean and the Cape
  • Named Cape of Good Hope because it gave them hope of reaching other continents

Colonisation of South Africa

  • First inhabitants were San and Xhosa tribal people
  • Europeans, mostly Dutch, arrived in the 15th century
  • Dutch established Cape Town in the 17th century as a colony
  • The British took control of South Africa in the 18th century

The Great Trek

  • Boer farmers migrated inland to escape British rule
  • Resulting in the establishment of Boer republics within South Africa

Boer Wars

  • Disputes over gold and diamond mines in Boer Republics
  • Britain attempted to merge the Boer republics into British colonies
  • Two Boer Wars occurred, the First (1880-1881) and the Second (1899-1902)
  • British ultimately won both wars, and the Boer Republics were incorporated into the Union of South Africa

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