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Questions and Answers
What do some authors use to reflect the conditions being individually necessary and jointly sufficient?
What do some authors use to reflect the conditions being individually necessary and jointly sufficient?
In the context provided, what is an example of a necessary condition?
In the context provided, what is an example of a necessary condition?
What is an example of a jointly sufficient condition?
What is an example of a jointly sufficient condition?
Which concept does the text use to analyze something more serious like knowledge?
Which concept does the text use to analyze something more serious like knowledge?
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What is a Gettier case used for in epistemology?
What is a Gettier case used for in epistemology?
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What is the goal in the context of discussing what it means to know something?
What is the goal in the context of discussing what it means to know something?
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How does the author suggest we try to get clear on what we mean by 'knowledge'?
How does the author suggest we try to get clear on what we mean by 'knowledge'?
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What is the author trying to determine about the word 'know'?
What is the author trying to determine about the word 'know'?
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What is an example of 'knowing-how' in the text?
What is an example of 'knowing-how' in the text?
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What is a necessary condition for B?
What is a necessary condition for B?
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What is a sufficient condition for B?
What is a sufficient condition for B?
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Study Notes
Understanding Knowledge
- A philosophical account of knowledge includes a description of the phenomenon, analysis, connection to other ideas, and consequences of the analysis.
- The plan is to provide an account of what knowledge is, and to start, we need to narrow down what we mean by "knowledge".
Uses of the Word "Know"
- The word "know" is used in various ways, such as:
- Narayan knows that SFU is in Burnaby (knowing a fact)
- Minjae knows how to ride a bike (knowing a skill)
- Zoe knows the prime minister personally (knowing someone)
Differences in "Knowing"
- The question is whether these different uses of "know" are connected or if they represent multiple meanings of "know".
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
- A necessary condition for B is when everything that is B must also be A (B implies A).
- A sufficient condition for B is when anything that is A must also be B (A implies B).
- A collection of conditions is necessary and sufficient for B when:
- Each condition is individually necessary for B.
- All conditions together are sufficient for B.
Examples of Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
- "Being a terrier" is sufficient for "being a dog".
- "Scoring at least 60%" is a necessary condition for "getting a C or better in 100W".
- The conditions for "being champagne" include:
- Fermented from grapes.
- Sparkling (naturally carbonated).
- Produced in the Champagne region of France.
Goal of the Lecture
- The aim is to answer the question: what does it mean to know something?
- This will be done by providing a philosophical account of knowledge.
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Description
Test your understanding of necessary and sufficient conditions with this quiz. Learn how to identify when a condition is necessary for an outcome, and when conditions together are sufficient. Explore examples like 'being a terrier' is sufficient for 'being a dog'.
