Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was observed regarding anger and aggression when there was an increase in relative left frontal cortical activity?
What was observed regarding anger and aggression when there was an increase in relative left frontal cortical activity?
What psychological states were primarily experienced by participants during the ostracism condition in the Cyberball study?
What psychological states were primarily experienced by participants during the ostracism condition in the Cyberball study?
Which type of feedback was utilized to evaluate participants in the aggressive behavioral study?
Which type of feedback was utilized to evaluate participants in the aggressive behavioral study?
What was the primary method of measuring aggression in the Taylor aggression paradigm?
What was the primary method of measuring aggression in the Taylor aggression paradigm?
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How does social rejection influence emotional experience according to the findings?
How does social rejection influence emotional experience according to the findings?
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What emotional response was specifically linked to greater left frontal cortical activity during the modified Cyberball task?
What emotional response was specifically linked to greater left frontal cortical activity during the modified Cyberball task?
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What type of experimental manipulation was suggested for replicating the effect of jealousy through frontal cortical activity?
What type of experimental manipulation was suggested for replicating the effect of jealousy through frontal cortical activity?
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What was the primary aim of the tDCS manipulation in the study?
What was the primary aim of the tDCS manipulation in the study?
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What body posture is associated with better recall of memories?
What body posture is associated with better recall of memories?
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Which cultural group showed a higher increase in sense of power while using the expansive-feet-on-desk pose?
Which cultural group showed a higher increase in sense of power while using the expansive-feet-on-desk pose?
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What percentage of a conversation did participants perceive they were making eye contact?
What percentage of a conversation did participants perceive they were making eye contact?
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What is the primary function of the Orbicularis Oculi muscle?
What is the primary function of the Orbicularis Oculi muscle?
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What phenomenon describes the concept of smiling with one's eyes?
What phenomenon describes the concept of smiling with one's eyes?
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What does the anxiety-buffer hypothesis suggest about self-esteem and anxiety?
What does the anxiety-buffer hypothesis suggest about self-esteem and anxiety?
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What was the actual eye gaze range during conversations observed in the study?
What was the actual eye gaze range during conversations observed in the study?
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What was the outcome of Experiment 1 in the study of self-esteem as an anxiety buffer?
What was the outcome of Experiment 1 in the study of self-esteem as an anxiety buffer?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for pulling the corners of the mouth upward into a smile?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for pulling the corners of the mouth upward into a smile?
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What is a common misconception regarding perceived and actual eye contact during conversations?
What is a common misconception regarding perceived and actual eye contact during conversations?
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How does mortality salience affect our worldview according to the mortality salience hypothesis?
How does mortality salience affect our worldview according to the mortality salience hypothesis?
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What was the result for judges in the Municipal Court when primed with mortality?
What was the result for judges in the Municipal Court when primed with mortality?
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In Experiment 2 with university students, what was found regarding bonds charged in mortality salient conditions?
In Experiment 2 with university students, what was found regarding bonds charged in mortality salient conditions?
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What relationship exists between self-esteem threats and anxiety?
What relationship exists between self-esteem threats and anxiety?
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What effect does raising self-esteem have on physiological responses to anticipated discomfort?
What effect does raising self-esteem have on physiological responses to anticipated discomfort?
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What has been observed regarding reward for cultural heroes following mortality salience?
What has been observed regarding reward for cultural heroes following mortality salience?
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What is the primary focus of social neuroscience?
What is the primary focus of social neuroscience?
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Why are non-invasive physiological measures significant in social neuroscience?
Why are non-invasive physiological measures significant in social neuroscience?
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What benefit does understanding the physiological basis of disorders provide?
What benefit does understanding the physiological basis of disorders provide?
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What is the meaning of 'one to many' in the context of social neuroscience?
What is the meaning of 'one to many' in the context of social neuroscience?
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What is a significant challenge faced by social neuroscience in terms of research measurements?
What is a significant challenge faced by social neuroscience in terms of research measurements?
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How does emotion function according to social neuroscience?
How does emotion function according to social neuroscience?
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What is implied by the phrase 'time resolution and time courses of various systems/measures differ'?
What is implied by the phrase 'time resolution and time courses of various systems/measures differ'?
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What is the challenge associated with spatial resolution in social neuroscience?
What is the challenge associated with spatial resolution in social neuroscience?
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What does 'many to one' signify in social neuroscience?
What does 'many to one' signify in social neuroscience?
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Why is integrating different approaches beneficial in social neuroscience?
Why is integrating different approaches beneficial in social neuroscience?
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What emotion is primarily elicited by threats to social status or esteem?
What emotion is primarily elicited by threats to social status or esteem?
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Which method is considered the ‘Gold Standard’ for inducing a cortisol response in laboratory settings?
Which method is considered the ‘Gold Standard’ for inducing a cortisol response in laboratory settings?
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What relationship does cortisol have with selective attention?
What relationship does cortisol have with selective attention?
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In the context of social evaluative threat, what indicates the sensitivity to threats in individuals with high subjective social status?
In the context of social evaluative threat, what indicates the sensitivity to threats in individuals with high subjective social status?
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Which statement about testosterone and aggression is most accurate?
Which statement about testosterone and aggression is most accurate?
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Which scenario best exemplifies indirect aggression?
Which scenario best exemplifies indirect aggression?
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What main challenge do researchers face when observing aggression in real-world settings?
What main challenge do researchers face when observing aggression in real-world settings?
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In a laboratory setting, which element is essential for high internal validity?
In a laboratory setting, which element is essential for high internal validity?
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What was the main dependent variable in the road rage study?
What was the main dependent variable in the road rage study?
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Which of the following is a common form of relational aggression?
Which of the following is a common form of relational aggression?
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What does the term 'anger provocation' refer to in aggression studies?
What does the term 'anger provocation' refer to in aggression studies?
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Why is deception sometimes utilized in aggression experiments?
Why is deception sometimes utilized in aggression experiments?
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Which statement correctly describes the findings from the study on violence in bars?
Which statement correctly describes the findings from the study on violence in bars?
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Study Notes
Week 1 - Introduction to Social Neuroscience
- Study the relationship between the mind and the brain, assuming psychological states are a function of physiological states.
- Examines how the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems are involved in sociocultural processes.
- Uses non-invasive physiological measures (IV or DV) to gain into psychological questions.
- Offers an independent method for research, providing information not obtainable through other psychological methods.
- Assessment is best devised with reference to research questions, theoretical constructs, operationalisation, experimental design, and hypothesis.
- Tools include classic and newer measures, manipulations, and benefits.
Week 2 - Cognitive Dissonance Theory
- Overview of the origins of the theory, research paradigms, belief disconfirmation, free choice/difficult decision, and effort justification.
- Discusses examples involving natural disasters in India and anxiety-justifying rumors, situations where people hold beliefs but are met with disconfirming evidence.
- Examines conditions (belief must be held with deep conviction, person has taken important actions, belief is specific, etc.) under which belief fervour might increase even after disconfirmation.
- Explains when people's beliefs fail to match events.
Week 3 - Positive Emotions
- Overview of emotions, including neural circuits, response systems, and feelings.
- Explains how emotions motivate and organize cognition and action, and how they relate to expression or social signals.
- Describes basic/basic emotions (joy, surprise, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, etc.) and that they are universally shared.
- Examines what makes emotions positive/adaptive; distinguishes good and bad consequences, and how appraisals (whether goals are met) influence emotional states.
Week 4 - Aggression
- Definition of aggression: the delivery of a noxious stimulus that the organism is motivated to avoid.
- Types of aggression include: reactive/hostile (anger-driven), and instrumental/proactive (goal-driven).
- Violence is a subset of aggression where severe physical harm or death results.
- How researchers measure aggression, and the types of challenges researchers face, like making observations in the real world.
Week 5 - Anger Regulation
- The decline of violence and anger regulation.
- Discussion on the I-cubed theory (Instigation, Impellance, Inhibition) for understanding aggression in social encounters.
- Exploration of the effectiveness of various strategies for regulating anger and how different components impact the likelihood/intensity of aggression.
Week 6 - Social Evaluation / Threat
- How cortisol is related to stress and anxiety, as well as how dominance confrontations impact cortisol levels in primates.
- Understanding of social stress and how it influences hormone levels.
- Role of cortisol and how it impacts social functioning, even in humans.
- Social evaluative threat and social self-preservation theory; implications for negative self-evaluative emotions.
Week 7 - Nonverbal Communication
- Nonverbal communication: Actions without verbal content.
- Body postures, Eye gaze, Facial expressions as forms of nonverbal communication, and how they communicate.
- Study examples, including research on how accurately people judge dominance and competence in faces and body postures.
Week 8 - Close Relationships & Attachment Styles
- Introduction to relationship dynamics focusing on attachment styles, security and conflict resolution in romantic relationships.
- Overview of the impact that close relationships have on happiness (both positive and negative outcomes)
- Studying the factors influencing attraction between people (proximity, familiarity, similarity, etc.).
- Methods of studying these concepts.
Week 9 - Narcissism
- Introduction to narcissism as a trait and its various forms, ranging from vulnerability to grandiosity.
- Exploring characteristics, needs, and effects on relationships within each form.
- Exploring potential motivations for using social media (SNS).
- How narcissists evaluate themselves and use SNS for status and admiration
- How social comparison impacts narcissism and well-being.
Week 10 - Loneliness
- Exploring the subjective experience of loneliness and its importance, with consideration for its impacts throughout the lifespan.
- The relationship and importance of social relationships, both quantitatively and qualitatively, on mental and physical health.
- Loneliness' impact on social connections, mental well-being, and chronic loneliness conditions.
- How researchers measure and approach loneliness and possible interventions.
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