Untitled Quiz

Study Notes

Examples include the Masai of Kenya, Nuer of Sudan, and traditional Navajo in the US.
Small-scale societies reliant on herding domestic animals in natural environments.
Migration is essential for resource sustainability; groups can organize collectively when needed.
No property ownership beyond livestock; extensive land use is necessary.
Utilize simple technology for self-production and engage in trade and reciprocity.

Pastoralists display flexibility in social life, primarily through herding practices.
Ecology varies based on:
- Range of environmental regions.
- Requirement for fresh pasture.
- Migration distances determined by herd type and environmental conditions.
Diet not solely dependent on livestock; raises domestic animals.
Predominantly nomadic settlements characterized by "use rights" rather than private territory.
Consumption mode is small-scale, with reciprocity and trade as primary exchange methods.

Low population density, akin to hunters and gatherers.
Birth and death rates influenced by diet, labor practices, and cultural beliefs.
Autonomous populations are generally small, but can temporarily form larger groups for special occasions.

Unilineal descent systems (matrilineal or patrilineal) dictate household dynamics.
Households are rooted in extended family networks, with designated gender divisions in labor.
Gender hierarchy affects women's status based on lineage; patrilineal systems often result in lower status for women.
Matrilineal societies may grant women more status but often favor maternal uncles.
Family alliances are vital within segmentary lineage systems, supporting sharing and resource allocation among extended family members.

Ritual ties foster group solidarity and emphasize common ancestry; essential during conflicts.
Political organization typically involves tribes and clans, with a focus on structural relativity and defense.
Leadership often follows a segmentary political system (Acephalus), lacking formal authority and relying on kinship for unity.
Conflict and expansion efforts are common in these societies.

Distinctive architecture includes teepees and yurts, allowing for quick and temporary setups.
Cultural expressions are conveyed through oral traditions, poetry, and songs.
Trade items are produced and belief systems emphasize kinship and ancestral connections.
Rites of passage and communal rituals foster a sense of "communitas."
Different cults (individualistic, shamanistic, communal) reflect varying spiritual practices.
Values center on sharing, alliance-building, and the importance of blood relations.

Flexibility alongside autonomous abilities characterized by small tribes and larger clan organization.
Kinship alliances are crucial, maintaining a small-scale societal structure.
Status reflects ownership of livestock, number of wives, and adult children.
Reciprocity remains a significant component of social interactions.